First, standardized seeding technology
(1) Selecting a reasonable layout of superior seeds
Good varieties are the basis for ensuring high yield and stable yield of wheat. All localities should be based on local conditions, timely adjustments, reasonable variety layout, high quality and excellent quality, choose comprehensive good varieties with good resistance, and exert their excellent drought, cold and water resistance, water and stress resistance, high yield and stable production potential, and avoid new and frequent replacement. Variety. Winter wheat and strong winter varieties should be selected in the central wheat area of ​​Shanxi Province, and winter and semi-winter varieties should be selected in the south.
1. The southern water can be planted: Jimai 22, Liangxing 99, Linyou 2069, Linyi 8050, Buckwheat 1718, Yannong 19, Linyou 2018, Jinmai 83, Jinmai 84, Linyuan 8 and so on.
2, the southern dry land can be planted: Linfeng No. 3, Jinmai 79, Jinmai 85, Linkang 11, Linkang 19, Yunyu 21-30, Jinmai 47, Yunhan 20410, Chang 6359, etc.;
3, the central late-maturing water can be planted: Jingdong No. 8, Zhongyou 206, Jing 9428, Chang 4738, Tai 5902, Jin Tai 9923, Zhongmai 175, Changmai 6686, æ±¾ 4846, etc.;
4, the central late-maturing dry land can be planted: long 6878, Zemai 2, Tai 10604, Changmai 6135, long 7016 and so on.
(2) Suitable sowing
The average temperature of wheat in the suitable sowing period is 14 °C-18 °C, of ​​which the dry land and winter varieties are suitable for early sowing; the semi-winter varieties are suitable for late sowing. The suitable sowing date of the dry land in the southern wheat area is from September 25 to 30. The suitable sowing date of the dry land in the late-maturing wheat area is September 20-25, and the leaf age of the wintering period is 5.0-6.0 leaf age. 800,000-900,000 is appropriate, it is necessary to avoid premature wintering before the winter, excessive consumption of water and fertilizer, lowering of frost resistance, weak seedlings in spring, and avoiding the small population of late sowing, the stage of drought in winter and spring, group bias The small-influenced yield; the southern sowing season is from October 5th to 10th, the late-season water-seeding season is from October 1st to 5th, and the wintering leaf age is 4.5-5.5 leaf age, and the total stem is The number of turns is between 600,000 and 800,000.
(3) Appropriate seeding
The amount of sowing should be adjusted according to the variety, sowing date and fertility. In terms of variety, the main stem tillers and heavy varieties were appropriately reduced, and the main stems were increased appropriately. The sowing date, the early broadcast amount decreased, the late broadcast amount increased; the soil fertility level was superior, the high fertility field, broadcast The amount is appropriately reduced, and the low-fertility field is appropriately increased, but not too large, so as to prevent the basic seedlings from being too large and causing weak seedlings. The suitable amount of dry land per acre during the suitable sowing period is 7.5-10 kg, and the suitable amount of water per mu is: 12.5-15 kg for sowing and 15-17.5 kg for sowing. Advance or postpone the day before the broadcast period, reduce or increase the amount of 0.5 kg per acre.
(4) Fine land preparation to improve the quality of sowing
Rotary tillage has become the main method of planting wheat. Dry land is generally completed in one-off by rotary tillage and sowing. After the corn stalks are returned to the field and rotated and sown, it is easy to cause the “virtual soil layer†to be too thick and the seeding depth is different. The seeding is too deep, the emergence period is long, and the nutrient consumption is weak. It not only affects the tillering before winter, but also is susceptible to smut and smut; the sowing is too shallow, which is easy to cause “hanging seedlingsâ€, drought resistance, antifreeze and late lodging resistance. reduce. Therefore, the sowing of the soil should reach deep, fine, transparent, flat, real and sufficient. Deeply plowing more than 25 cm, breaking the bottom of the plow; finely smashing the ground at the right time, smashing the dark and dark; even before the ploughing, the sloping flat, after the ploughing, the ploughing; the real Panasonic is not sloping, no leakage, no darkness The ridge; the foot is sufficient, the soil moisture content of the clay soil should be above 20%, the loam is more than 18%, and the sand is more than 16%, accounting for 70%-80% of the field water holding capacity, ensuring a full seedling.
Second, straw returning to the field, adding organic fertilizer, fertility and fertility technology
Corn stalk returning should use high-power straw smashing machinery, high-speed rotating low-speed operation to completely smash the straw, the required length is less than 5 cm, and remove the un-crushed straw, the excessive straw should be evenly spread, with deep pine and rotary tillage twice. So that the straw and the soil are thoroughly mixed and contacted to promote decomposing and avoid hanging yellow seedlings. Wheat/corn Two-year-old water wheat field, after the corn is harvested, the straw is returned to the field immediately. If it has not been deeply ploughed for 2-3 years or the deep pine wheat field should be deeped or deepened again, it will be sown again.
Third, deep ploughing, deep pine, sputum (耱) and repression technology
(1) Deep ploughing, deep pine
The root system of wheat can be sown below 2 meters, and continuous sown sowing can make the soil form a plow bottom layer at 15-20 cm, which is not conducive to the root system. Deep ploughing or deep ploughing can break the bottom layer of the plough, enhance permeability, and promote root sag, which is an important technical measure for drought relief. Deep ploughing can also bury organic fertilizers, crush straws, weeds and pests and organisms, and promote aerobic microbial activities and nutrient release. Therefore, the field of 2-3 years of general rotary tillage should be ploughed or deepened for 1 year.
(2) 耙耢 (耱)
耙耢(耱) can break the shovel, loosen the topsoil, level the ground, Panasonic, reduce evaporation, and resist drought and moisture. After machine tillage or rotary tillage, the soil should be promptly smashed according to the soil moisture, and the soil should be soiled, and the waste should be removed.
(3) Repression
Before the sowing, the suppression needs to be reduced, and the straw should be returned to the field to make the soil hang. After the sowing, the suppression can enhance the close contact between the soil and the seeds, so that the seeds can easily absorb the soil moisture, increase the emergence rate and uniformity, and enhance the drought resistance of the wheat. The time and tools for suppression after sowing, depending on the soil moisture, should generally follow the pressure. However, in the wheat field where the soil is too wet, the suppression time should be appropriately postponed to prevent the knot and affect the emergence of seedlings.
Fourth, heavy application of nitrogen (fertilizer) technology
The corn stalk returning wheat field should be equipped with heavy nitrogen (fertilizer) technology, which can effectively adjust the soil carbon/nitrogen ratio, avoid the nitrogen competition, increase the number of tillers and total stems, increase the number of panicles and increase the yield. Nitrogen fertilizer can be used as a one-time application to achieve high yield, or 70% bottom application + 30% jointing period, to achieve simultaneous improvement in yield and quality. Generally, the yield of 600 kg of wheat per mu: 18 kg of pure nitrogen, P2O59 kg, K2O7 kg; 500-600 kg of wheat per mu: N16 kg per mu, P2O57 kg, K
2O6 kg; 400-500 kg of wheat per mu: N14 kg, P2O56 kg, K2O5 kg per mu; wheat field of 400 kg or less per mu: 12 kg of pure nitrogen, P2O55 kg, K2O4 kg.
V. Winter water advancement technology
On the basis of ensuring the planting of the foot, the winter water is moved forward in a limited amount, that is, the time of pouring the winter water is frozen by the traditional night (late mid-December), and after the winter wheat three-leaf period (mid-late November), the amount of water per mu Reduced from 50m3 to 30m3. It not only improves soil water content, promotes straw rot, but also effectively solves soil stagnation, soil compaction, promotion of winter tillering and secondary root eruption, and increasing tillering rate and yield before winter. After watering, it is appropriate to timely cultivate the loose soil or protect the soil, seal the soil cracks, ensure safe wintering, and improve water use efficiency to achieve winter water use.
Sixth, jointing period incremental irrigation technology
Continuous straw returning to the field can improve the soil storage capacity and water retention capacity. Adding cultivating loose soil or hoeing and hoeing measures can delay the spring pouring period from the rejuvenation period to the jointing stage, and adopt incremental irrigation, which is increased from 50m3/mu to 60m3/mu can not only meet the demand of water in the late stage of wheat, reduce the spikelets of sterile florets, increase the number of grains per spike, increase the grain weight, but also effectively resist the frost damage or low temperature chilling damage to achieve high water-saving cultivation.
7. Comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases and "one spray three prevention" technology
In recent years, due to changes in farming systems and continuous return of straw, the density of insects in underground pests (蛴螬, è¼è›„, and golden worm) has increased year by year, soil transmission (strip blight, total rot, root rot) and seedling diseases (è…¥Smut is aggravated, and the use of coated seeds, seed dressing or soil treatment is the most effective prevention and control measure. Uncoated seeds can be seeded one day before sowing. Root disease occurs in heavier areas and plots, 2% tebuconazole (Rickygene) can be used, seed dressing 0.1% to 0.15% of seed amount, or 20% triadimefon (Panjing) 0.15% of seed amount Seed dressing; underground pests occur in heavier plots, 40% methyl isoflavone emulsifiable concentrate or 35% methylthiophosphorus emulsifiable concentrate can be used, and seed dressing is 0.2% of seed amount; Uncoated seed 50 kg with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 50 ml or 40% methyl isoflavone emulsifiable concentrate 50 ml plus 20% triazolone emulsifiable concentrate 50 ml (or 15% triazolone powder 75 g) or 2% pent 75 grams of oxazol wet mixture into the sprayer, add 3 kg of water, stir well and mix while spraying, mix and simmer for 3-4 hours, wait until the wheat seeds are dry to sow. When cultivating dryland wheat, add 50g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 50-60g of dryland dragon to 2.5kg of water, and mix 25kg to promote rooting and improve drought resistance.
For underground pests, midwifery re-emergence areas and field plots, soil treatment should also be carried out. The soil can be treated with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 40% methyl isoflavone emulsifiable concentrate 250-300 ml, adding 1~2 kg of water, 25 kg of fine soil to make toxic soil, or 3% phoxim granules 2.5. ~ 3 kg, 15 to 20 kg of fine soil, evenly spread the ground before plowing the ground, and plow into the soil with the plow.
In the middle and late stages of wheat growth, when stripe rust, powdery mildew, and ear mites are mixed, dry hot air is also available. The mites-killing agent + disease-preventing agent + anti-dry hot wind stimulation agent can be used, that is, 50% anti-cocoa can be used per mu. 20 g of wet powder, or 50 ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, or 20 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 30 g of 12.5% ​​diniconazole wettable powder, or 20-30 g of 25% tebuconazole wettable powder. Add 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and spray 30 kg with water to spray evenly on the whole field. Can play the role of insecticide, treatment, anti-dry hot wind, a spray three defense.
Eight, wheat antifreeze and disaster reduction high-yield technology
The types of wheat freeze damage mainly include winter frost damage, early spring frost damage (cold spring cold) and low temperature chilling damage. For the prevention of frost damage, the winter and spring suitable varieties should be used to make the variety layout. Secondly, according to the winter and spring nature of the varieties, the sowing period should be arranged reasonably. The varieties with strong winter ability during the sowing season should be properly broadcast early, and the spring varieties should be properly late. Broadcasting; the third is to improve the quality of sowing, cultivate strong seedlings before winter, 5 years before the winter, 5 leaves, 1 heart to 6 leaves, safe wintering; fourth, once the freezing damage occurs, immediately fill the fertilizer, promote the small cockroach to catch the big cockroach, improve the tillers The rate of ear formation is reduced to reduce the damage caused by freezing damage.
IX. Drought-resistant, freeze-free and high-yield cultivation techniques for dryland wheat
First, the use of drought-resistant and anti-freezing ecological varieties, the establishment of a "one main two pairs of three matching" system. “One main†refers to the main varieties of winter varieties; “second pair†refers to the strong winter varieties and weak winter varieties used in early or late sowing; “three matching†refers to strong winter and winter. The varieties of the three ecological types of weak winter are reasonably matched. The second is to determine the drought-resistant and anti-freezing ecological indicators of wheat seedlings, and strictly control the timely sowing. The southern dryland wheat sowing period is from September 20 to September 30, and the central dryland wheat sowing period is from September 15 to September 25. The third is that wheat straw is returned to the field, nitrogen and phosphorus are combined, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied. The fourth is deep pine (cultivation) in the next year, rotary tillage before sowing, fine hoeing after ploughing; planting in the ditch, suppression after sowing, improving soil water temperature conditions, and improving the anti-freezing ability of wheat seedlings. The fifth is to control the "three insects" and prevent "three diseases." Take chemical dressing, soil treatment, control underground pests, and treat wheat bran, wheat red spider and yellow dwarf disease. In the recurrence area of ​​rust, powdery mildew and smut, take two kinds of pesticides for seed dressing and comprehensive prevention and treatment.
X. Dryland wheat mulching technology
The mulching film covering technology should pay attention to the following points in the promotion and application: First, the mulch film covering field should be deep in soil layer, high in organic matter and available nutrient content, and the per mu yield level is about 200 kg in loamy fertilizer and dry land, and the fertility level is low. Sandy soil or heavy-duty soil is not suitable for implementation; second, the annual rainfall of the film-covered area should reach 400 mm or more, and the rainfall during the period should reach or exceed the annual rainfall, and the film cover should not be covered in the drought year or region, and the film cover The field should be deep ploughed during the period of retreat, fully accumulate rain and accumulate, increase the water storage capacity of the deep soil, and should be well protected before sowing; third, the mulching is a high-yield cultivation technique, and the mulch cover is continuously applied to the same plot. If the deep soil moisture is not effectively replenished, if the deep soil water content is not effectively replenished, the yield increase effect of the plastic film cover will be greatly reduced, and it can be rotated with the open field cultivation. Fourth, the land preparation quality is poor, the debris is more, and the ground is uneven. Should be deep ploughed or rotary tillage, deep burial of debris, tamping the soil, reaching the ground level, no sloppy, no wreckage, the upper and lower real can cover the mulch; Therefore, the sowing period should be delayed by 5-7 days compared with the exposed wheat field, and the amount of sowing should be appropriately reduced to prevent premature winter growth. At the same time, fertilizer input should be appropriately increased to prevent premature aging. Sixth, narrowing the row spacing or increasing the sowing rate to increase the number of panicles. Seventh is the mulch covered wheat field, should be film side 锄 锄 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒, extend the filling time.
(Yan Zhen)
Urea Fertilizer,Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate Fertilizer,Calcium Sulfate Fertilizer
hot prodcuts Sodium CO.,Ltd , http://www.nssulphates.com