In late 2013, a new regulation titled "Technical Specification for Residential Indoor Waterproofing" (JGJ298-2013) was introduced to guide the building waterproofing industry. This standard is specifically designed for the design, construction, and quality inspection of indoor waterproofing projects in residential buildings, including bathrooms, kitchens, enclosed balconies with water supply points, and independent water containers like small pools.
According to Zhang Ping, a senior engineer from the Architectural Design Institute and one of the main drafters of the regulation, the goal is to ensure that waterproofing projects are properly designed, selected, and constructed to protect property and prevent disputes caused by leaks between neighboring units.
Unlike roof or underground waterproofing, residential indoor waterproofing involves smaller areas with numerous pipes, fixtures, and joints—such as floor drains, wall-penetrating pipes, and internal corners—which are common sources of leakage. The regulation emphasizes that material selection at these critical points is crucial. It mandates that waterproofing materials be chosen based on the specific location, following a sequence: flexible coatings, membranes, and rigid materials.
Zhang Ping highlighted that waterproof coatings offer continuous film formation and are more suitable for such applications. However, he warned against using solvent-based coatings, such as solvent rubber asphalt or tar-based polyurethane, which can release harmful organic solvents. Some companies might even add crude benzene to reduce costs, posing health risks to workers in poorly ventilated spaces.
Despite being solvent-based, polyurethane coatings are considered the best-performing option in first-tier cities. These coatings use a reaction-curing mechanism, making them safer and more effective for indoor use.
The regulation also includes four mandatory provisions, such as prohibiting the use of solvent-based coatings indoors, ensuring no leaks in the waterproof layer, and requiring moisture-proof layers on walls and ceilings in bathrooms and kitchens. Additionally, measures must be in place to prevent water overflow from entrances, and drainage risers should not pass through lower-level residences.
Experts believe that if the regulations are fully implemented, many indoor leakage issues could be avoided by considering proper design, construction, material selection, and protection systems. However, Ye Linbiao, chairman of the Technical Committee for Waterproofing at the China Architectural Society, expressed concerns about the actual enforcement of these guidelines in practice.
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