In the China / UNICEF cycle cooperation program from 1996 to 2000, the Ministry of Water Resources, in cooperation with UNICEF, implemented and popularized the low-cost rural water supply technology mainly based on deep well hand pumps in the remote and marginal areas of our country. Deep well hand pump is based on UNICEF gratis aid technology, combined with the actual situation in our country, jointly developed by experts at home and abroad to design deep well water lifting equipment. Unlike the traditional hand pump widely used in rural areas in our country, it is a deep well manual piston pump that relies on lifting work. This pump low investment, low operating costs, high water supply guarantee, easy operation, simple maintenance, good sealing, easy to pollution, solid and reliable, long service life. The design of the pump water supply capacity of 1.08 t / h, lift to 7 ~ 40 m, up to 70 m. Available for about 200 people in rural areas. For living scattered, lack of oil less electricity, with suitable hydro-geological conditions in rural areas. The basic structure of deep well hand pump Deep well hand pump is composed of pump head, water pipe and pump cylinder. The basic structure and assembly shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Pump head by the handle, chain, brackets and legs and other components. Pump head is a deep well hand pump power transmission part. When in use, a human operator manipulates the handle to pull the piston through the pull rod to move the piston up and down and raise the water along the water delivery pipe to above ground level. All parts of the pump head are made of steel, galvanized for the surface of anti-corrosion treatment. The water pipe is composed of tie rods, pipes and fittings, and the number of tie rods and pipes is determined by the water level in the well. Pump cylinder is a key component of deep well manual pump. By the piston rod, top hat, pump cylinder, piston hoop, brass bushing, check valve and bottom cap and other components. Pump cylinder arranged at the bottom of the water pipe, submerged 0.5 m below the water surface ~ 1 m above the bottom of the range. Pumping process and working principle of the deep well hand pump are as follows: When the user operates the handle, the piston cuff 5 and the pump plug 8 are driven to reciprocate up and down in the pump cylinder 4 through the piston rod 1 (see FIG. 3). When the piston hoop 5 moves upward, the split upper valve slide 6 automatically closes, the water in the upper part of the piston hoop 5 is lifted into the water pipe, and the lower part of the piston hoop 5 forms a vacuum, and the water in the well will open under negative pressure Split type valve slide 15 into the pump cylinder. When the piston cuff 5 moves downwards, the split lower valve sliding groove 15 automatically closes, and the water in the upper part of the split upper valve sliding groove 6 goes back up to the upper part of the pump cylinder 4. When a human operator moves the handle continuously, the water in the well continually enters the pump cylinder from the lower part to the upper part, and then enters the aqueduct to be raised above the ground. Domestic deep well hand pump performance parameters and applicable conditions Technical performance and main parameters are as follows: (1) flow rate: 1.08 m3 / h (40 times per minute count). (2) Lift: 7 ~ 40 m. (3) Piston diameter: 63.5 mm. (4) Piston stroke: 145 mm. (5) Volumetric efficiency: 97%. Deep well hand pumps are suitable for installation in vertical wells with a borehole diameter of 100-150 mm (borehole diameter must be greater than 100 mm). In the upper part of the water pipe designed with antifreeze hole, can be -25 ~ 30 ℃ in normal use in cold areas.