Construction methods vary depending on the base layer. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the process for different surfaces:
For concrete walls, the process includes: preparing the base, repairing any imperfections, applying an alkali solution, coating with a bonding agent (grape slurry), scraping white putty, polishing, and finishing. For concrete floors and screed surfaces, the same steps apply, but the bonding agent might be in the form of a slurry or spray glue. When working on cement mortar or paper ash surfaces, the process is slightly simpler, starting directly with the bonding agent before scraping the putty.
The construction process follows these key steps:
1. Base preparation: On cast-in-place concrete walls, the surface may have unevenness, holes, honeycombs, or other defects due to materials or release agents. Any protrusions should be smoothed, and depressions filled. For prefabricated concrete slabs, it's important to clean them thoroughly using wire brushes to remove dust, dirt, and loose particles. For cement mortar or paper ash surfaces, the base must be dry and solid, free from oil or loose soil.
2. Base repair: After cleaning the concrete surface, large defects like honeycombs are filled with gypsum putty using a steel scraper. This is done once for horizontal surfaces, while vertical ones may require additional smoothing. The mix ratio for gypsum putty is typically 100 parts gypsum, 5-6 parts emulsion, and 60 parts cellulose solution (5% concentration). Next, two coats of a 5% caustic soda solution are applied, followed by rinsing and drying before proceeding to the next step.
3. Applying the bonding agent (milk paste): Before applying the putty, a thin layer of bonding agent is sprayed evenly. The mix ratio is usually 100 parts water to 15-20 parts emulsion. Then, white putty is scraped onto the surface using a steel trowel, ensuring even coverage and avoiding contamination with sand or debris. The mix for large white putty is typically 60 parts white powder, 40 parts talcum powder, 75 parts 5% cellulose solution, and 2-4 parts emulsion.
4. Repair and polishing: After the first coat of putty is applied, inspect the surface for any issues. If needed, apply more putty to level out the area. Once dry, use sandpaper to smooth the surface and remove any excess. Finally, sweep away all dust and debris.
5. Final putty application: Apply a second coat of white putty after the first has dried. It's recommended to do at least two layers to ensure a smooth, uniform finish. The final surface should not only be flat but also have consistent texture to avoid color variation and improve the overall appearance of the finished project.
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