Classification and Application
Milling machines are categorized based on various operational and structural features. One primary classification is by the milling process, which includes cold milling and hot milling. Cold milling machines typically have higher power, leading to faster tool wear, but they produce uniformly sized cut material and can spray water during operation. These machines are ideal for continuous road surface processing. In contrast, hot milling machines incorporate a heating system, making them more complex in design. They are primarily used for road surface regeneration, especially when materials need to be softened before removal.
Another classification is based on the direction of the milling rotor's rotation, resulting in down-milling and up-milling. In down-milling, the rotor rotates in the same direction as the machine's movement, while in up-milling, it rotates in the opposite direction. This distinction affects cutting efficiency and surface finish.
Structurally, milling machines are also divided into wheeled and crawler types. Wheeled models offer better maneuverability and are commonly used for small to medium-sized pavement projects. Crawler-type machines, on the other hand, are typically larger, with milling widths exceeding 2000mm, and are suited for extensive road rehabilitation tasks.
For large-scale road surface regeneration, many machines are equipped with an old material recycling system, allowing for sustainable reuse of the milled material.
Based on the position of the milling rotor, there are three main types: rear-suspended, mid-suspended, and coaxial with the rear axle. Rear-suspended rotors are mounted at the back of the axle, mid-suspended rotors are positioned between the front and rear axles, and coaxial rotors are aligned directly with the rear axle. Each configuration offers different advantages in terms of stability and performance.
Milling machines are also classified by the width of their milling rotor: small, medium, and large. Small machines have a working width of 300–800mm, often using mechanical transmission, and are best suited for small maintenance jobs under 100m². Medium machines range from 1000–2000mm, usually employing hydraulic systems for better performance. Large machines, with widths over 2000mm, are typically used in conjunction with other equipment for full-scale road repair and are mostly hydraulically driven.
Finally, milling machines can be classified by their transmission system—mechanical or hydraulic. Mechanical systems are reliable, cost-effective, and easy to maintain, but they tend to be heavier and less efficient, making them suitable for small-scale, shallow cuts. Hydraulic systems, though more expensive and harder to maintain, provide smoother operation, better maneuverability, and greater traction, making them ideal for large-scale, deep-cutting operations.
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