Geranium Cultivation Guide:
Geraniums are best planted in spring, especially in the southern regions. In northern areas, they should be grown indoors during winter to protect them from cold weather. Most commonly, geraniums are cultivated in pots. If planting directly in the ground, choose a location that doesn’t hold water. The soil should be loose, rich, and well-draining—sandy loam is ideal. For potted plants, mix humus soil, garden soil, and sand. Before planting, place a piece of tile at the bottom of the pot to aid drainage. Start with a small pot without adding any base fertilizer. After some time, transplant the plant into a larger pot, and at that point, add a small amount of compost as a base fertilizer, making sure not to let the roots come into direct contact with it.
Light and Temperature:
Geraniums thrive in full sun, but during the hot summer months, they should be shaded or moved indoors to avoid direct sunlight. They need at least 4 hours of sunlight daily to ensure continuous blooming throughout the year. Insufficient light can cause the plant to become leggy and reduce flower bud formation. The ideal growing temperature ranges between 16°C and 24°C. Geraniums grow most vigorously in spring and autumn. During winter, maintain a temperature of around 15°C during the day and no lower than 8°C at night, while ensuring sufficient light for continued growth and flowering.
Watering and Fertilization:
During the growing season, proper watering and fertilization are essential. Apply a diluted liquid fertilizer 2-3 times a month. Once flower buds begin to form, increase phosphorus and potassium levels. Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Allow the top layer of soil to dry slightly between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while under-watering may cause yellowing and leaf drop, affecting both growth and ornamental value. Avoid overwatering, especially in summer when the plant becomes dormant. At this time, reduce watering and stop fertilizing.
Pruning:
To encourage a full and compact shape, start pruning from the seedling stage. When the plant reaches about 10 cm in height, pinch off the central shoot to promote new branch growth. Continue pinching the tips of new branches 1–2 times until the desired shape is achieved. Flowers typically appear at the top of the branches. After each bloom, remove spent flowers promptly to encourage new growth and more blooms. Prune geraniums three times a year: once in early spring to remove sparse branches, again in May to cut back spent flowers and overgrown stems, and a third time in autumn for final shaping.
Geraniums are popular in home gardens and are also widely used in flower beds and walkways. Due to their fast growth, they require regular trimming. A minimum of three trims per year is recommended. The first trim in March focuses on removing thin or weak branches, the second in May involves cutting back old flowers and excess growth, and the final trim in autumn helps maintain the plant’s structure and health.
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