Classification and Application
Milling machines are classified based on different criteria, such as the milling method, rotor rotation direction, structural design, working width, and transmission type. Understanding these classifications helps in selecting the right machine for specific road maintenance or rehabilitation tasks.
According to the milling form, there are two main types: cold milling and hot milling. Cold milling machines have high power, leading to faster tool wear, but they produce uniform particle sizes and can spray water during operation. These machines are ideal for regular pavement maintenance. On the other hand, hot milling machines include a heating device, making them more complex in design. They are typically used for road surface regeneration projects where materials need to be reprocessed at higher temperatures.
Based on the direction of the rotor’s rotation, milling machines can be categorized into down-milling and up-milling. In down-milling, the rotor rotates in the same direction as the machine's movement, while in up-milling, it rotates in the opposite direction. This difference affects how material is removed and the quality of the finished surface.
Structurally, milling machines are divided into wheeled and crawler types. Wheeled models offer better maneuverability and are suitable for smaller to medium-sized projects. Crawler-type machines, often larger, are used for wide-area operations with milling widths exceeding 2000mm.
For large-scale road surface regeneration, some machines come equipped with an old material recycling system, which allows for efficient reuse of existing pavement materials, reducing waste and costs.
Depending on the position of the milling rotor, there are three configurations: rear suspension, middle suspension, and rear axle coaxial. The rear suspension type is mounted at the back of the rear axle, the middle suspension type is located between the front and rear axles, and the rear axle coaxial type is aligned directly with the rear axle. Each configuration offers different advantages in terms of stability and performance.
In terms of working width, milling machines are classified as small, medium, and large. Small machines typically have a working width of 300–800mm and use mechanical transmission, making them ideal for minor repairs under 100m². Medium machines range from 1000–2000mm and mostly use hydraulic transmission, offering better performance for more extensive work. Large machines, with widths over 2000mm, are often used in combination with other equipment for full-scale road rehabilitation projects, also relying heavily on hydraulic systems.
Finally, based on the transmission mode, there are mechanical and hydraulic types. Mechanical systems are reliable, easy to maintain, and cost-effective, but they are less efficient and harder to operate, making them suitable for small-scale, shallow cutting tasks. Hydraulic systems, though more expensive and complex to maintain, provide smoother operation, greater maneuverability, and higher traction, making them ideal for larger, deeper cuts in major road projects.
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