1 selection and processing of raw materials
1.1 Selection of feed ingredients: The first measure to optimize feed costs should be the correct selection and use of feed ingredients. The price of feed ingredients is not the main choice, but the use value of feed ingredients. Taking the most common soybean meal in feed as an example, many of our feed companies choose 43% protein soy meal in broiler formula and think that 43% protein is cheaper. However, we have neglected several important factors: First, the main difference between 43% protein soy and 46% protein soybean meal is the difference in the content of soybean hull, which is difficult to be digested by poultry, while the content of soybean meal is contained. Very high mannan, affecting the intestinal absorption of glucose. The digestibility of 46% protein soybean meal is higher than 43% peptone, and the formulation space is saved in the formulation. However, the difference between the two types of soybean meal is only 150 yuan / ton. In the broiler feed formula, the recipe system automatically selects 46% protein of soybean meal, and we only purchase 43% of the soybean meal. This invisibly increases feed costs while reducing the quality of the feed. Therefore, in some large feed enterprises, only high-protein soybean meal can be used in the diet of growth and finishing animals such as broilers. The choice of cotton aphid is the same. It is recommended to use high-protein cotton aphid, because the difference between low-protein cotton aphid and high-protein cotton aphid is more cotton lint and cotton crust. Cotton lint and cotton crust only affect the digestibility of feed protein. .
Of course, the choice of feed ingredients should also consider the effective energy value of feed ingredients, anti-nutritional factors in feed and other indicators.
1. 2 Processing of raw materials: The purpose of feed raw material processing is to eliminate the effects of some unfavorable factors on the animals and improve feed quality and feed safety. Correctly, the processing and storage of feed ingredients can also reduce the cost of feed for enterprises. The commonly used feed ingredients are mainly processed as follows:
Screening and clearing of corn: Corn is the most commonly used raw material in feed. The content of impurities and mycotoxins in corn will affect the digestibility of feed nutrients. In the process of harvesting and drying, corn will contain more impurities such as dust, stones, corn husks, etc. These impurities do not contribute to the nutrition of the feed, and the mycotoxin content is high. These impurities can be removed by sieving and cleaning before entering the warehouse, and the broken grains and mildew granules in the corn are also removed, which effectively reduces the content of mycotoxins in the corn and improves the quality of the feed.
Soybean puffing: The price of fats and oils has been at a very high level recently. The cost of adding fats to broiler feeds is high, and there is a risk of fat oxidation using low-priced feed blends. However, the use of puffed whole-fat soybeans not only provides high-quality protein, but also provides high fat with a metabolizable energy of up to 3700 kcal/kg. The oil of the puffed soybean is fresh, and the puffed soybean has a special aroma, which can improve the palatability of the animal. If the feed company has puffed soybean conditions, it can save costs from the perspective of formula cost.
2 Optimization of feed formula and micro-finishing
2.1 feed formulation process optimization of technical services at himself noted, there are still some companies do not take advantage of feed formulation software to optimize feed formulation, there are still many colleagues calculation formula using Excel spreadsheet. Although this method is convenient for a single material formulation, these methods cannot be linearly calculated. Perhaps the difference in formula cost between linear calculation and hand calculation is only 5-10 yuan/ton. However, the profit of poultry feed is very small, 5-10 yuan is already a big number for a feed mill with a monthly output of 5,000 tons. When I helped some small feed companies adjust their formulas, they often found that they should increase the amount of soybean meal and crystal amino acid added at the same cost, but these companies use low-priced chowder, they think that they use low-cost raw materials. It will be cheaper, but it will not, but it will reduce the quality of the feed. Therefore, the scientific use of feed formula software, timely adjustment and management of the database is extremely important for optimizing the formulation of poultry feed.
Micro entire 2.2 feed formulation, many people believe that the same feed feed formulation is stabilized, it can be said this is a wrong point of view, because the source of feed ingredients and nutritional indicators in the change in feed prices also changes. If the corn moisture purchased in different seasons is different, the metabolic energy value is different, and if the formula ratio does not change, the feed quality changes. The correct method is: every week (according to the change cycle of raw materials), according to the moisture, protein, ash, fiber and other indicators of each batch of feed ingredients, adjust the raw material database, in order to ensure the original nutritional value of feed and the appearance of feed and other factors Fine-tuning the recipe. This kind of feed is more stable in quality and effect.
3 correct use of enzyme preparations to reduce feed costs
Due to the relative development of digestive system in young animals and the lack of digestive enzyme secretion, as well as the limitations of animal intestinal digestive enzyme function, animals have limited ability to digest nutrients in feed, and some anti-nutritional factors in feed also affect animals. Digestion and absorption of nutrients, such as non-starch polysaccharides and phytic acid. A large number of studies and practices have proved that the addition of effective enzyme preparations in feed can help animals to improve digestibility and reduce the effects of anti-nutritional factors such as non-starch polysaccharides on animals. Feed enzyme preparations have been widely used in the feed industry. However, due to the chaos in the market for feed enzyme preparations, many feed companies do not use enzyme preparations properly, especially non-starch polysaccharide enzymes. Some companies add enzyme preparations to improve product quality. The way to add them is often extra, and the amount added is only half or even less than the recommended dose. This type of use can only increase feed costs and does not bring benefits to the company. The correct method of using the enzyme preparation is to determine the amount of the enzyme preparation according to the content of the feed substrate, and to increase the digestibility of the feed by the addition of the enzyme preparation, thereby reducing the feed cost. We can help companies reduce costs through the scientific use of the following enzymes.
3.1 Scientific use of non-starch polysaccharide enzyme to reduce feed cost
Commonly used feed ingredients contain a certain amount of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), such as soybean meal contains nearly 29%, bran up to 35%, and our commonly used corn also contains nearly 8.0% of non-starch polysaccharides. The content of non-starch polysaccharides in feed ingredients is shown in Table 1:
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