There are various methods for engraving mahogany furniture, and they can generally be categorized into two main types: base-carving and baseless carving. Each of these categories includes several different techniques, offering a wide range of artistic possibilities.
Base-carving, also known as "land carving," refers to the technique where the wooden board is not carved all the way through to the bottom. This method involves line carving, Yin carving, and relief, and it has been widely used in ancient furniture as one of the primary decorative styles.
Line carving, or "line engraving," is a technique where patterns are directly carved onto the wood using a knife. It relies on lines as the main form of expression, resulting in smooth, clear, and detailed designs. This style is similar to "white drawing" in Chinese painting, but it is rarely used in classical furniture. Instead, it's often reserved for specific areas and is even less common in modern settings.
Relief is one of the most commonly used techniques in furniture decoration. There are two main forms: bas-relief and deep relief. Bas-relief is a shallow carving that gives a three-dimensional effect while maintaining a flat surface. It’s elegant and subtle. Deep relief, on the other hand, is more complex, with multiple layers and depths, creating a sculptural feel. Unlike bas-relief, deep relief often features intricate carvings on the underside, giving it a more dynamic and realistic appearance.
Both bas-relief and deep relief require high-quality materials. For deep relief, the wood must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of the carving. Therefore, hardwoods are typically used. Additionally, the material must be easy to work with, suitable for polishing, and compatible with the design, ensuring a harmonious result.
Yin carving, or "sink carving," is the opposite of relief. It involves creating concave patterns, often used on painted or lacquered surfaces to create contrast with the wood color. This technique is similar to Chinese ink painting and is commonly seen in floral motifs like plum blossoms, orchids, bamboo, and chrysanthemums, as well as poetic inscriptions. It is mainly used in lacquered furniture and is considered a delicate form of decoration.
Baseless carving includes openwork, enamel carving, round carving, and transparent double-sided carving. Openwork involves hollowing out the back of a patterned panel, usually only carving the outer surface. Influenced by architectural woodcarving, openwork creates a sense of depth and light, making it visually appealing and efficient in design. In Ming-style furniture, openwork panels on chair backs often allow light to pass through, adding a sense of elegance without overcomplicating the structure.
Round carving is a fully three-dimensional technique, where the object is carved from all sides. It resembles sculpture art, often depicting figures, animals, and nature scenes. These designs are typically auspicious and serve both aesthetic and symbolic purposes. This technique was especially popular in Qing Dynasty furniture.
Double-sided carving, also known as transparent double-sided carving, involves intricate patterns carved on both sides of a piece. It allows viewing from both directions, much like Suzhou's double-sided embroidery. This requires exceptional craftsmanship and creative thinking. It is commonly used in doors, partitions, and hangers, and some pieces can be displayed as standalone art due to their high artistic value.
The variety of carving techniques has contributed to the rich heritage of traditional woodcarving. If woodworking is the body of furniture, then carving is its soul. [ Follow the WeChat public account “Jiuzheng Furniture Network†for more updates and business opportunities ]
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