Dry battery internal structure

The originator of dry batteries was born in the mid-19th century. In 1860, France's George Leclanche invented a carbon-zinc battery, which was easier to manufacture, and the initially moist-water-based electrolyte was gradually replaced by a viscous, paste-like method, so when it was placed in a container. The "dry" battery appeared.
In 1887, the British Wilhelm Hellesen invented the earliest dry batteries. Compared with the liquid battery, the electrolyte of the dry battery is paste-like, does not leak, and is easy to carry, and thus has been widely used.
With the development of science and technology, dry batteries have developed into a large family, and there have been about 100 kinds so far. Common zinc-manganese dry batteries, alkaline zinc-manganese dry batteries, magnesium-manganese dry batteries, zinc-air batteries, zinc-mercury oxide batteries, zinc-silver oxide batteries, lithium-manganese batteries, and the like.
For the most used zinc-manganese dry batteries, they can be divided according to different structures: paste zinc-manganese dry batteries, cardboard zinc-manganese dry batteries, thin film zinc-manganese dry batteries, zinc zinc-zinc-manganese dry batteries, alkaline Zinc-manganese dry battery, four-pole parallel zinc-manganese dry battery, laminated zinc-manganese dry battery, and the like.



The dry battery used daily is a zinc-manganese battery, also called a carbon-zinc battery. Its structure is: a cylinder made of zinc as a negative electrode, which is made into a cylindrical shape for storing chemicals such as electrolytes. The positive electrode is a Carbon rod, surrounded by a mixture of manganese dioxide, carbon powder and ammonium chloride, collectively referred to as "carbon pack". The carbon pack and zinc cylinder are filled with ammonium chloride, zinc chloride aqueous solution and starch. The composition of the paste, called the electric paste. The main component of the electric paste is ammonium chloride, which is equivalent to the dilute sulfuric acid solution of the voltaic battery. The role of zinc chloride in the electric paste is to increase the zinc ion in the solution. Concentration, ease the corrosion of ammonium chloride on the zinc tube, and extend the battery life. The battery port is sealed with asphalt, rosin and other sealing agents. The purpose of sealing is to prevent water dispersion and external moisture in the battery, and avoid electrolysis. The outflow of liquid makes the dry battery easy to carry and prevents the carbon pack and the zinc cylinder from being short-circuited. When the dry battery is working, electric energy is generated due to a chemical reaction between zinc and ammonium chloride.