Organic solvents refer to organic compounds that dissolve substances such as oils, waxes, resins, rubber, and dyes. The forms of organic solvents in the production process are mostly vapors formed by evaporation of liquids or liquids, such as gasoline, gasoline vapors, benzene, benzene vapors, carbon disulfide, and carbon disulfide vapors.
Uses and uses
(1) For fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc., distributed in refineries and use units.
(2) As a raw material, styrene is used in the production of polystyrene, styrene-butadiene rubber (ABS) engineering plastics, distributed in plastics plants, rubber plants, etc.; ethylene chloride is cracked to produce vinyl chloride; acetone is reacted with hydrogen chloride to produce acetone, cyanohydrin, etc. .
(3) As an additive aviation kerosene adds carbon disulfide, gasoline, methyl tert-butyl ether, etc., distributed in refineries.
(4) As an extractant such as dimethylformamide, extract or extract butadiene, distributed in the rubber plant.
(5) As solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethanol, Ding drunk, etc., distributed in each plant.
harm
Inhalation or contact with organic solvents at low concentrations may cause slight irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract mucous membranes. Inhalation at higher concentrations may result in excitement, such as headache, dizziness, walking sickness, uncontrollable laughter, etc., followed by mental fatigue and nonverbal speech. Indifferent facial expression; high concentrations of inhalation, quickly turned from the excitement to inhibition, coma, anesthesia outstanding performance.
The petrochemical industry has a high degree of automation and containment. Material transportation and reactions are all in containers (towers, tanks, tankers) or pipelines. However, various equipment, pumps, valves and other equipment in the production process sometimes run. The phenomenon of spiking, dripping, and leaking can cause people to inhale or contact with organic solvents in a short period of time and in high concentrations, causing acute poisoning. In addition, there are some open and directly operated places, such as evaporating, feeding, quality analysis, sampling, adding additives, scrubbing oil storage tanks, tank trucks, and mountings, etc., as well as acute poisoning accidents. In the case of a special operating environment and inadequate protective measures, acute poisoning accidents are more likely to occur.
Precaution
Replacing benzene with non-toxic or low-toxic substances: For example, in the paint and footwear industry, use gasoline, diethanol formal, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, etc. as a thinner or adhesive agent; use ethanol, etc. As an organic solvent or extractant.
2. Production process reform and ventilation detoxification: The production process is closed, automated and procedural; there is a full-featured local exhaust detoxification equipment, and regular maintenance, so that the concentration of benzene in the air remains below the national health standards.
3. Personal protective measures: The benzene operation site conducts regular labor hygiene surveys to monitor the concentration of benzene in the air. Workers should strengthen their personal protection and wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as anti-toxin benzene masks. Conduct thorough pre-employment and regular medical examinations. Female workers must be transferred from benzene during pregnancy and lactation to avoid adverse effects on the fetus and the baby.
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Talc (Talc) is a layered silicate which is a hydrate.
Theory of MgO style chemical formula 3, 4 - SiO2, H2O, and the theory of chemical composition as follows: 31.68% MgO style SiO2 H2O 63.47% to 4.75%, the natural quality of pure talc ore are very few, most associated with other mineral impurities, common associated minerals include chlorite, serpentine, magnesite, tremolite, dolomite, etc.
Talc is often white, light green, microstrip pink, light grey, with impurities the more the color is deeper, even dark grey, black.
Monoclinic crystal system, ore presents flaky, fibrous and dense.
Pearly luster or oily luster, the heating effect of the talc are substantially heated, lose adsorbed water during 120 ~ 200 ℃, 600 ℃ when begin to lose part of the structure of water, until 1050 when the structure all the water out.
The best way to identify talc is to conduct X-ray diffraction analysis or thermal analysis.
Talc
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