Garlic fertilization primarily targets its root system, which plays a crucial role in the plant's overall growth. The garlic root system consists of fleshy, string-like roots without a dominant main root. These roots are distributed along the base of the garlic clove and lack or have very few root hairs. Although the roots are shallow, they are numerous and typically develop within the top 5 to 25 cm of soil. Despite being relatively weak, the garlic root system is highly sensitive to both water and nutrients. While it can tolerate drought to some extent, it thrives best in moist conditions. Garlic requires significant amounts of fertilizer, but over-fertilization can be harmful. Therefore, it's essential to adjust fertilization and irrigation practices based on the unique characteristics of garlic root development.
Farmers in major garlic-producing regions often emphasize the importance of proper fertilization, as they believe "garlic is not planted with poor soil." This means they are willing to invest in high-quality fertilizers when growing garlic. Research indicates that for an acre of garlic, approximately 12–18.5 kg of nitrogen, 10–11.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 12–13.5 kg of potassium oxide are required. A large portion of this should be applied as base fertilizer, such as 1500–2000 kg of well-decomposed manure per mu, or 2–3 cubic meters of organic farmyard manure. Additionally, 40–50 kg of cake fertilizer or bio-based compound fertilizer (75–100 kg) can be used, along with 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 50–60 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer.
During the 2–3 leaf stage, 1000 kg of well-rotted manure or 10–15 kg of urea per acre should be applied. Before winter, apply decomposed ash and fertilizer as a "wax fertilizer," about 1500 kg per mu. Before the bulb starts to form, apply 10–15 kg of urea per acre. You can also use Huimanfeng active liquid fertilizer, spraying 100 ml per acre mixed with 50 kg of water. After the bulb forms, adjust the additional fertilizer according to the plant's growth needs.
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