Garlic fertilization primarily focuses on the root system, which plays a crucial role in the plant's overall growth and development. The root structure of garlic is unique—consisting of fleshy, string-like roots without a dominant main root. These roots are distributed along the base of the garlic clove and have very few or no root hairs. As a result, they are shallow but form a dense network within the top 5 to 25 cm of soil. Despite their weak structure, garlic roots are highly sensitive to both water and nutrients. Although garlic can tolerate some drought, it thrives in moist conditions and requires careful management of fertilization to avoid over-application.
Farmers in major garlic-growing regions often emphasize that "poor land is not suitable for garlic," meaning they are willing to invest more in fertilizers when planting garlic. Research indicates that an acre of garlic requires approximately 12–18.5 kg of nitrogen, 10–11.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 12–13.5 kg of potassium oxide. A significant portion of this—60–70%—should be applied as base fertilizer. This includes 1,500–2,000 kg of well-decomposed manure per mu, or 2–3 cubic meters of organic farmyard manure, 40–50 kg of cake fertilizer, or 75–100 kg of bio-based compound fertilizer. Additionally, 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 50–60 kg of high-concentration triple compound fertilizer can be used.
During the early growth stage, when garlic has 2–3 leaves, it should be given a side dressing of 1,000 kg of cooked manure or 10–15 kg of urea per acre. Before winter, apply decomposed ash and fertilizer as a wax fertilizer at about 1,500 kg per mu. Before the bulb starts to swell, add 10–15 kg of urea per acre, and consider using Huimanfeng active liquid fertilizer by spraying 100 ml per acre mixed with 50 kg of water. After the swelling phase, adjust the fertilizer application based on the plant’s growth condition to ensure optimal yield.
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