Activated carbon is a versatile and widely used material that has been both traditional and modern in its applications. Also known as a carbon molecular sieve, its chemical formula is simply C. The CAS number is 64365-11-3, and the EINECS number is 264-864-4. Over the past century, activated carbon has evolved significantly, with its fields of application continuously expanding, making it an essential component in many industries.
One of the key features of activated carbon is its high adsorption capacity, which makes it ideal for various purification and filtration processes. It is commonly used in different forms, such as powder, granules, or pellets, depending on the specific application requirements.
Wood-based activated carbon is produced from high-quality wood and undergoes a process involving high-temperature carbonization and activation. This results in a product with a large surface area, well-developed micropores, and strong decolorizing properties. It is often used in food processing, beverage production, oil refining, and wastewater treatment, among other areas. Its ability to remove impurities and unwanted colors makes it highly valuable in industries like pharmaceuticals and chemicals.
Coal-based activated carbon, on the other hand, is made from anthracite and comes in various shapes, including columns, granules, and spheres. It is known for its high strength, fast adsorption rate, and excellent pore structure. This type of activated carbon is frequently used in air purification, water treatment, and industrial gas filtration. It is also effective in removing pollutants from both gases and liquids, making it suitable for environmental protection and industrial applications.
Another variant, coal-like columnar activated carbon, is particularly useful for purifying toxic gases, treating waste gas, and recovering solvents. It finds wide application in sectors such as petrochemicals, power generation, and agriculture. Its uses range from deodorization and desulfurization to the purification of water and removal of harmful substances from industrial effluents.
In terms of performance, activated carbon is a hydrophobic adsorbent that can effectively remove color, odor, and a wide range of organic pollutants. It can also remove certain inorganic compounds and heavy metals from wastewater. However, its effectiveness depends on several factors, including the characteristics of the carbon itself, the nature and concentration of the contaminants, the pH level, and the system design.
Activated carbon is one of the most efficient methods for advanced wastewater treatment. It is often combined with other techniques, such as ozonation, coagulation, or diatomite filtration, to enhance its performance and extend its lifespan. These hybrid approaches improve treatment efficiency, reduce carbon consumption, and broaden the range of contaminants that can be removed.
Overall, activated carbon continues to play a vital role in environmental protection, industrial processes, and consumer products. With ongoing research and development, its future prospects look promising, and its market demand is expected to grow further in the coming years.
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