First, the preparation of seedlings includes four key tasks. The first is to build a seedbed. Traditional methods use cold beds or greenhouses. When constructing the bed, choose a sheltered location with elevated terrain and easy access to water. The second step involves preparing nutrient-rich soil. The bed and bauxite should be layered for about three months to create fertile soil. Typically, this involves mixing soil or river mud with human waste, chicken manure, and ash to provide sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus. In colder regions, it's advisable to prepare hot compost. The third task is to improve facilities such as setting up greenhouses, using multiple layers of covering, installing heating lines, and controlling temperature and humidity. The fourth step is to prepare enough “free-plowing†soil conditioner and Shuofeng 481 for timely application before sowing and during seedbed management.
Second, the germination and sowing period depends on the variety, planting season, and seedling conditions. Early peppers and eggplants are usually sown in mid to late October, while tomatoes are planted in mid-November. Before sowing, seeds must be sterilized. Soak them in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes, stirring constantly and cooling down. Then, use 1 gram of Shuofeng 481 in 3 kg of water for disinfection—7 hours for peppers and eggplants, and 5 hours for tomatoes. Eggplant seeds should be washed thoroughly, rubbed with sand cloth to remove mucus. After soaking, drain the seeds and place them in an incubator at 28–30°C for germination. To avoid rapid germination, maintain a day-night temperature cycle of 28–30°C during the day and 16–18°C at night. Tomatoes take 2 days, peppers 3–4 days, and eggplants 5 days. Before planting, water the seedbed from below. Once the water is absorbed, spray “free-plowing†soil conditioner at 0.05 kg per 100 square meters, with 12–15 kg of water, ensuring the soil is moist. Seeds can then be sown evenly. Cover with fine soil and mulch. Sow 100 grams of tomato and eggplant seeds per 10 square meters, and 150–200 grams of pepper seeds. If used as commercial seedlings, they can be sown directly without transplanting.
Third, seedbed management is crucial. During the early growth stage, maintain daytime temperatures between 25–30°C and nighttime temperatures around 10–15°C. Once the seedlings begin to grow, keep the daily temperature at 20–25°C and nighttime at 10–15°C, with ground temperature around 20°C and relative humidity at about 70%. When the seedlings have 3–4 true leaves, they can be transplanted into prepared beds or pots. Choose a sunny day with daytime temperatures of 25–28°C and nighttime temperatures of 18–20°C. To promote root survival, raise the temperature to 25–30°C for a short period (about 5 days). Low temperatures can lead to poor survival, yellowing, or rotting. When the seedlings have 7 true leaves, apply Shuofeng 481 at a concentration of 5 grams per 30 kg of water. Watering should be minimal before spring, and only done on sunny days between 10 AM and 11 AM. If the seedbed becomes too wet, ventilate, dry the bed, and sprinkle fine soil. Regular ventilation helps regulate temperature and humidity. Remove shade if needed, and ensure adequate light exposure. Fertilization is generally not required due to the rich soil, but if growth is stunted, apply 2 grams of urea and 20 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 10 kg of water. Avoid concentrated manure or direct application. Greenhouse-grown seedlings still require careful management, including thinning dense plants and maintaining proper spacing for healthy growth.
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