In recent years, with the gradual seriousness of soil quality degradation in China, soil conditioning has received more and more attention, and soil conditioners have also taken off. Let's first take a look at the related concepts:
Soil conditioning : Mainly refers to the action of improving the soil through physical, chemical or microbiological means.
Soil conditioner : A material added to the soil to improve the physical and/or chemical properties of the soil, and/or its biological activity. For example, we use quicklime, purple sand, etc. to adjust soil acidity.
Commercial soil conditioner: mostly compound preparation, one kind of conditioner has many characteristics and functions at the same time, to improve the soil barrier factor as the main function, taking into account soil fertility and plant nutrition, even microbial status, adding a small amount Fertilizer or microbial preparation.
Type of soil conditioner
Soil conditioners are usually classified according to their main raw materials or efficacy characteristics. The table below is classified according to the main raw materials:
Source: Progress in Research and Application of Soil Conditioning Agents
According to the characteristics of efficacy, it can be roughly divided into three types: mineral source conditioning agent, soil acid regulating agent, loosening agent or deep-drying agent.
Mineral source conditioners are currently used as mineral modifiers for limestone, dolomite, bentonite, peat, peat blue iron ore, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, saponite, sepiolite, and the like. These minerals often have special physical properties that are used to improve the soil.
The powdery acidic soil conditioner prepared by adjusting the acid and alkali-regulating agent with alkali residue as the main raw material is one of the more effective acidic soil conditioners. Alkali slag is the waste of the alkali plant. The main components are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and other calcium salts and magnesium hydroxide. It is alkaline (pH 9~12) and rich in beneficial elements such as calcium, magnesium and selenium.
The loosening agent or the deep-free cultivating agent acts on the soil vertically by moisture to activate its active constituents, frees the hydrogen ions adsorbed by the soil, increases the amount of soil cation exchange, makes the soil form more pores, improves the soil aggregate structure, and strengthens the soil. The permeability and the penetration of fertilizer and water, so as to achieve the purpose of loosening the soil.
The main function of soil conditioner
1. Adjust the soil sand viscosity ratio, improve the soil structure, promote the formation of agglomerate structure, improve the soil water retention capacity, and increase the effective water supply.
2. Adjust soil pH, reduce or reduce aluminum toxicity; improve saline-alkali soil, adjust soil salt base saturation and cation exchange capacity.
3. Conditioning the unbalanced soil nutrient system to promote effective nutrient supply; repair contaminated soil and passivate heavy metal ions.
4. Adjust the soil microflora to maintain a good soil microbial environment.
Precautions for the use of soil conditioners
1. Use soil conditioners according to the actual conditions of the soil, with the aim of improving the poor ploughing of the soil, salinity, acidification, toxic substances, nutrient imbalance and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to start from the actual situation of the soil, select the products of the appropriate soil, and use them in a targeted manner to receive good results. Soil conditioners are not readily available on all land or in the environment.
2, with the use of conventional fertilizers need to be clear here, the main role of soil conditioning agents is to improve the soil environment and solve soil barrier problems. The compound type of commodity contains some nutrients, but it cannot be used directly as a fertilizer or even a fertilizer.
The soil conditioner must be used together with the local conventional fertilizer. The best combination application plan needs to be determined by field trials according to the local soil texture, salt, water and fertilizer conditions and economic benefits.
3, to avoid excessive use of soil conditioners The main role is to improve the soil's acid, alkali, salinization and compaction, so it can not be used for a long time, otherwise it will lead to overcorrection and is not conducive to vegetable growth. Therefore, soil conditioners should use different amounts and times depending on the deterioration.
4, pay attention to the use of soil conditioners must pay attention to the use of the method. For example, soil loose and no-till conditioning agents, it is necessary to master the correct amount according to different soil types.
For soil with compacted soil, large viscosity, uneven distribution of water and fertilizer, and shallow soil layer, it is used twice a year, and then the amount is reduced year by year until it is not applied.
When using it, it is necessary to correctly grasp the dosage. If the dosage is too low, it is difficult to achieve the improvement effect; if the dosage is too high or the application frequency is too much, it will cause waste.
Water is the biologically active carrier of soil no-till. If the soil does not have sufficient moist moisture, the biological activity of the no-till can not be activated. Therefore, the use of soil loose and no deep tillage conditioning agent to maintain a certain degree of humidity in the soil.
With the increase of cultivated area, heavy cropping, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, etc., soil problems will still intensify, and the use of soil conditioners will become more and more extensive.
At present, the soil conditioners on the market are mixed, lacking in standardization, uneven quality, and various publicity effects. The actual use effect of individual conditioning agents is quite different from its publicity, and some may even have side effects. For example, the use of slag scraps as raw materials has the risk of causing accumulation of heavy metals in the soil.
(Source: Duan Hongtao [fertilizer Xiangjun])
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