After crop planting and planting, in order to meet the needs of its growth and development, it often needs more topdressing, and the amount of topdressing generally accounts for 1/3 or more of the total fertilization amount of the crop during the whole growth period. Several commonly used topdressing methods are introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are listed for farmers' reference.
1 After the water is directly applied to the crops or after the rain, the fields are suitable for the sake of the fields, and when the fields are lowered, the fertilizers are directly applied to the rows of the crops. Although this method is relatively simple, some fertilizers will lose volatilization. In particular, ammonium bicarbonate is very volatile and cannot be used. Ammonium sulfate, urea and potassium sulfate can be applied, but it is not convenient to operate in the field. Use when the fertilizer is more urgent.
2 When water is applied to the crop, the fertilizer is applied with water to the soil around the roots of the crop. The disadvantage of this method is that it is wasteful and easy to lose, and it can not reach the deep layer of the crop roots; the advantage is that it is simple to use, saves labor and time, and has a small amount of labor. This method can be used when the fertilizer source is sufficient, the planting area is large, and the labor force is contradictory. It can be used as the preferred top dressing method when large-area crops have severe fat deficiency symptoms.
3 Deep-buried fertilization ditches pits between crops and rows, and applies fertilizer to cover the soil. With this method, the fertilizer waste is small, the most economical, but the labor is large, the labor is labored, and the operation is not convenient. When applying, pay attention to the ditch and pit of the embedding should be more than 10cm from the base of the crop and the base of the stem. If it is too close to the root, it will easily damage the root system. Due to the concentration of fertilizer and the high concentration, the method is not suitable for use in summers where crops are vigorously growing and water is needed, and it cannot be used in the critical period of crop water demand. Generally, in the winter leisure season, when the labor force is sufficient, and the amount of crop growth is not large, this method can be adopted, so that the fertilizer buried in the soil is gradually decomposed and continuously supplied to the crop. However, in actual production, the peak of crop growth is often the peak of fertilizer demand. Therefore, the method of burying is often used at higher temperatures. In order to prevent it from having a negative effect, water must be watered after burying to reduce the concentration of the fertilizer applied.
4 Facility pursuit In recent years, with the development of cultivation techniques in protected areas, the matching drip irrigation technology has been widely used, and the fertilization method has been put on the track of automation. The specific method of using the drip irrigation facility for topdressing is to install the fertilizer device at the water source into the drip irrigation main pipe, dissolve the fertilizer in the fertilizer applicator, and insert the drip irrigation main pipe into the suction pipe filter of the fertilizer applicator, and the fertilizer can automatically enter the crop root system with the watering device. In the surrounding soil. The advantage is that the film is covered, the fertilizer is almost non-volatile, no loss, the fertilizer is concentrated, but the concentration is small, so it is safe, labor-saving and labor-saving, and the effect is very good. This is a relatively scientific and highly promising method of topdressing, but it is difficult to promote and apply it in large-scale production because of too much investment.
5 external top dressing root dressing is foliar spray fertilizer. In the cultivation of facilities, because the artificially created environment is more conducive to meeting the requirements of crops on environmental conditions, crops are characterized by rapid growth, high yield, and many results. In production, it is often combined with spraying to carry out foliar topdressing to supplement the shortage of crop nutrients. The method has the advantages of low dosage, fast fertilizer efficiency, and avoidance of fixing the active ingredients in the fertilizer by the soil, and is an economical and effective fertilization method. It can be used in the case of obvious lack of nutrients and root senescence in the late stage of crop growth. In addition to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, compound fertilizer and other commonly used large amount of elemental fertilizers, in recent years, many manufacturers have developed a large number of elements suitable for crop foliar application. Adding trace elements or fertilizers containing various amino acid components, such as fermentin, spray Shibao, and phytoalexin, have certain effects. However, it must be noted that the basic nutrients required for crop growth and development are mainly derived from base fertilizers and other methods of topdressing fertilizers. Topdressing can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
1 After the water is directly applied to the crops or after the rain, the fields are suitable for the sake of the fields, and when the fields are lowered, the fertilizers are directly applied to the rows of the crops. Although this method is relatively simple, some fertilizers will lose volatilization. In particular, ammonium bicarbonate is very volatile and cannot be used. Ammonium sulfate, urea and potassium sulfate can be applied, but it is not convenient to operate in the field. Use when the fertilizer is more urgent.
2 When water is applied to the crop, the fertilizer is applied with water to the soil around the roots of the crop. The disadvantage of this method is that it is wasteful and easy to lose, and it can not reach the deep layer of the crop roots; the advantage is that it is simple to use, saves labor and time, and has a small amount of labor. This method can be used when the fertilizer source is sufficient, the planting area is large, and the labor force is contradictory. It can be used as the preferred top dressing method when large-area crops have severe fat deficiency symptoms.
3 Deep-buried fertilization ditches pits between crops and rows, and applies fertilizer to cover the soil. With this method, the fertilizer waste is small, the most economical, but the labor is large, the labor is labored, and the operation is not convenient. When applying, pay attention to the ditch and pit of the embedding should be more than 10cm from the base of the crop and the base of the stem. If it is too close to the root, it will easily damage the root system. Due to the concentration of fertilizer and the high concentration, the method is not suitable for use in summers where crops are vigorously growing and water is needed, and it cannot be used in the critical period of crop water demand. Generally, in the winter leisure season, when the labor force is sufficient, and the amount of crop growth is not large, this method can be adopted, so that the fertilizer buried in the soil is gradually decomposed and continuously supplied to the crop. However, in actual production, the peak of crop growth is often the peak of fertilizer demand. Therefore, the method of burying is often used at higher temperatures. In order to prevent it from having a negative effect, water must be watered after burying to reduce the concentration of the fertilizer applied.
4 Facility pursuit In recent years, with the development of cultivation techniques in protected areas, the matching drip irrigation technology has been widely used, and the fertilization method has been put on the track of automation. The specific method of using the drip irrigation facility for topdressing is to install the fertilizer device at the water source into the drip irrigation main pipe, dissolve the fertilizer in the fertilizer applicator, and insert the drip irrigation main pipe into the suction pipe filter of the fertilizer applicator, and the fertilizer can automatically enter the crop root system with the watering device. In the surrounding soil. The advantage is that the film is covered, the fertilizer is almost non-volatile, no loss, the fertilizer is concentrated, but the concentration is small, so it is safe, labor-saving and labor-saving, and the effect is very good. This is a relatively scientific and highly promising method of topdressing, but it is difficult to promote and apply it in large-scale production because of too much investment.
5 external top dressing root dressing is foliar spray fertilizer. In the cultivation of facilities, because the artificially created environment is more conducive to meeting the requirements of crops on environmental conditions, crops are characterized by rapid growth, high yield, and many results. In production, it is often combined with spraying to carry out foliar topdressing to supplement the shortage of crop nutrients. The method has the advantages of low dosage, fast fertilizer efficiency, and avoidance of fixing the active ingredients in the fertilizer by the soil, and is an economical and effective fertilization method. It can be used in the case of obvious lack of nutrients and root senescence in the late stage of crop growth. In addition to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, compound fertilizer and other commonly used large amount of elemental fertilizers, in recent years, many manufacturers have developed a large number of elements suitable for crop foliar application. Adding trace elements or fertilizers containing various amino acid components, such as fermentin, spray Shibao, and phytoalexin, have certain effects. However, it must be noted that the basic nutrients required for crop growth and development are mainly derived from base fertilizers and other methods of topdressing fertilizers. Topdressing can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
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