Abstract China's shale gas reserves are the world's first, and Sichuan's shale gas reserves are the first in the country. Shale gas is unconventional natural gas stored in thousands of underground shale formations. It is large in reserves but more difficult to mine. The upstream and downstream industries of Sichuan shale gas are expected to take annual... between 2015 and 2020...
China's shale gas reserves are the world's first, and Sichuan's shale gas reserves are the first in the country. Shale gas is unconventional natural gas stored in thousands of underground shale formations. It is large in reserves but more difficult to mine. The upstream and downstream industries of Sichuan shale gas are expected to bring in an annual output value of RMB 1 trillion between 2015 and 2020. The Xindu shale gas energy equipment R&D, manufacturing and technical service base has been opened, with an annual output value of 10 billion yuan in five years. In the past 10 months, the underground of more than 2,800 meters deep in Laochang Village, Xinchang Town, Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province, has continuously collected a new type of natural gas called shale gas. This vertical shovel digging 2,823 meters and horizontally excavating 1,079 meters of shale gas well, named Well 201-H1, is China's first shale gas horizontal well. Its successful completion means that the "shale gas revolution" has already arrived in China.
Xindu District, Chengdu, about 200 kilometers away from this shale gas well, is carrying out technical research for the booming shale gas development, and has built an equipment R&D, manufacturing and service base with an annual output value of at least 10 billion yuan. Because shale gas is contained in rock formations of several kilometers underground, it is a natural gas in the name of stone, and its development requires new technology and equipment support.
"To fracture the rock in a few kilometers underground, you need to hit a horizontal well to collect more of the shale gas and then mine it." Zhang Peng, a professor at Southwest Petroleum University, said that horizontal drilling and fracturing technology has become The two key points for the exploitation of shale gas are that Xindu District of Chengdu and Southwest Petroleum University are cooperating, and the new shale gas energy equipment R&D, manufacturing and technical service base has been opened, and more shale gas mining will be carried out in the future. The equipment is expected to be "made in Chengdu."
Several kilometers underground
Stone seams in the natural gas
The shale gas is the same as the currently widely used natural gas, and its main component is methane. They are millions or even hundreds of millions of years ago, the organic matter after the death of paleontology, formed after a complex physical and chemical process. The difference is that conventional natural gas is stored in the gas field on a large scale. The shale gas is present in the shale layer thousands of meters underground in an adsorbed or free state.
Shale is a type of sedimentary rock composed of fine-grained crumbs, clay, organic matter and the like with a particle size of less than 0.0039 mm. It has a sheet-like or lamellar layering and is easily broken. Due to the particularity of shale gas, China has used it as an independent mineral that is distinguished from coal, oil and natural gas.
As early as 1821, the first shale gas well was drilled into the Devonian shale in the eastern United States. However, human exploration and development of shale gas did not achieve breakthroughs in key technologies in the United States until the 1980s, and large-scale development began in the 21st century. At present, the technology for mining shale gas in countries such as the United States and Canada is relatively mature, but China is still in its infancy.
According to the US Energy Agency's first shale gas technology recoverable amount in 48 basins in 32 countries, the total shale gas reserves in these areas reached 187.5 trillion cubic meters. Among them, China's shale gas technology recoverable reserves reached 36.1 trillion cubic meters, ranking first in the world. The Oil and Gas Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources of China has estimated that the reserves of shale gas recoverable resources in major basins and regions in China are about 31 trillion square meters.
According to several research data, Sichuan shale gas reserves rank first in the country. Some experts predict that the resource potential of the Jiu Laodong shale in the Weijiang (Weibo) area of ​​Sichuan Neijiang (microblogging) and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in the Yinzhou area will be 6.8 trillion to 8.4 trillion cubic meters. , equivalent to the total amount of conventional natural gas resources in the basin.
Diamond gas
Global shale gas revolution
Since shale gas “hidden†in the rock formations of several kilometers underground, it is necessary to drill wells to a few kilometers underground, to shale the shale gas stored in the shale gas, and to store the shale gas stored therein. It is finally collected and transported to the ground.
Unlike natural gas in conventional gas fields, shale gas cannot flow in large scales in large distances. If only one well is dug vertically to the ground, only a small amount of gas will be spilled near the well, and the shale gas will be mined. Very limited. To mass-scale mining, it is necessary to play a lot of wells, and at the same time, it is necessary to hit horizontal wells---after several thousand meters in vertical, and then dig in horizontal direction to ensure more gas energy collection.
Zhang Peng, a professor at Southwest Petroleum University, predicts that the density of wells required to mine shale gas is about 10 times higher than that of conventional natural gas production wells to meet normal development needs. Not only that, shale gas mining needs to release the shale fracturing and release gas to achieve mining. It is drilling and gas in the stone joint, and the drilling is far more difficult than ordinary gas wells.
"To fracture the shale layer in a few kilometers underground, at least 100 MPa pressure is required, sometimes two or three hundred megapascals can be fractured." Zhang Peng said that 1 MPa is equivalent to 9.8 atmospheres, two One hundred megapascals is equivalent to nearly 2000 atmospheres. For the fracturing of the rock formation, the mud-based fluid, that is, the fracturing fluid, is injected into the well, and the rock is laminated and cracked by professional techniques.
Although the difficulty and cost of developing shale gas in several thousand underground rock formations is much higher than that of conventional natural gas, it is called “shale gas†driven by the background of energy shortage and the maturity of technology. The development of the revolution is on the rise around the world.
By the end of 2009, North America had discovered 30 shale gas basins and more than 50,000 development wells. In 2011, the US shale gas production reached 180 billion cubic meters, accounting for 34% of the total US natural gas production, changing the US natural gas supply pattern.
Chengdu opened
Shale gas equipment manufacturing base
“According to the research of Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan shale gas development will bring huge business opportunities. The upstream and downstream industries will bring at least trillions of annual output value between 2015 and 2020.†Chengdu Xindu District Investment Promotion Bureau Director Zhang Jin is the big one in the industry.
Due to the foundation of energy equipment manufacturing and the technical support of Southwest Petroleum University, Zhang Jin is very optimistic about the development of Xindu's shale gas industry. At present, Schlumberger, Halliburton, and Weatherford have cooperated with Xindu, which means that the four giants in the global oil and gas development field have three new capitals. Xindu Industrial Zone has gathered more than 20 petroleum equipment enterprises. The district has also planned 2000 mu of land as a shale gas equipment R&D, manufacturing and technical service base. About 600 mu of start-up area has been opened. The base will include three major sections, one for the R&D base, the other for the hatchery, and the third for equipment manufacturing and technical services. Zhang Jin said that the base is expected to have an annual output value of more than 10 billion yuan in five years.
At the same time, Southwest Petroleum University, located in Xindu District, is working with Baker Hughes and Guanghan Honghua to plan the Sichuan Shale Gas Development Research Institute in Sichuan. By then, Sichuan shale gas development will receive strong technical support, and its related industry development is also expected to enter the fast lane.
China shale gas mining node
In 2008, China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute drilled China's first shale gas geological well, Changxin 1 well, in the Changning area of ​​Sichuan.
In 2009, PetroChina launched the first batch of shale gas industrialization test zones in Weiyuan-Changning, Fushun-Yongchuan and other regions in Sichuan.
In 2010, the Well 410 of the Sichuan Basin drilled by China Petroleum obtained industrial airflow in the Cambrian and Silurian shale, achieving the first industrial breakthrough in China's shale gas.
In March 2012, China's first shale gas horizontal well “Wei 201-H1 Well†was completed in Weiyuan County, Sichuan Province, marking China's initial mastery of horizontal well technology.
In the same month, China’s first shale gas five-year plan “Shale Gas Development Plan (2011-2015)†was released, and large-scale development of shale gas is about to come.
Glossary
shale gas
The natural gas extracted from the shale layer is mainly present in the mudstone, high carbon mudstone, shale and silty rock interlayers in the state of adsorption (about 50%) or free (about 50%), and is stored in a very small amount in a dissolved state. In kerogen, asphaltenes and petroleum. Shale is both a source rock for natural gas generation and a reservoir and caprock for collecting and preserving natural gas. Shale gas development has the advantages of long mining life and long production cycle. However, the reservoirs of shale gas reservoirs generally have low-porosity and low-permeability physical properties. The resistance of gas flow is larger than that of conventional natural gas. All wells need to be subjected to reservoir fracturing and transformation to be mined. China has not yet matured. technology.
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