Experimental studies have investigated various types of shell and wood chip raw materials for the production of activated carbon. In a closed reactor, high-temperature pyrolysis promotes structural reformation and self-activation, leading to the creation of activated carbon with highly developed micropores. This process does not require any external activation gas or chemical reagents, offering a novel and environmentally friendly method for producing microporous activated carbon.
During the process, the system is first heated at a controlled rate to 400°C. At this stage, the coconut shell undergoes thermal decomposition, releasing a significant amount of pyrolysis gas. The gas mainly consists of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, along with residual air and adsorbed oxygen from the raw material. These gases form a mixed atmosphere inside the sealed reactor, generating internal pressure as the temperature increases.
Next, the temperature is raised to 800°C, triggering aromatization reactions in the organic components of the coconut shell. Gas generation continues, and the structure of the material begins to reorganize. Due to the pressure within the closed system, the released gases are forced out, which influences the structural development of the coconut shell. This effect helps enhance pore formation, promoting the growth of micropores during the high-temperature self-activation phase.
Finally, the temperature is increased to 900°C. At this stage, the solid carbon formed from pyrolysis reacts spontaneously with the generated gases, creating micropores. The internal pressure continues to rise, accelerating the self-activation reaction.
This study explored the effects of pyrolysis temperature, duration, heating rate, and environmental confinement on the composition of the self-activated pyrolysis gas, pore structure, specific surface area, pore size distribution, and adsorption performance of the resulting activated carbon. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind the physical activation of porous carbon through pyrolysis.
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