Experimental studies have explored various types of shell and wood chip raw materials for the production of activated carbon. In a closed reactor, high-temperature pyrolysis facilitates the restructuring of the shell material and triggers a self-activation process, resulting in the formation of activated carbon with highly developed micropores. This method does not require any external activation gases or chemical reagents, offering a novel and environmentally friendly approach to producing microporous activated carbon.
During the process, the system is first heated at a controlled rate to 400°C. At this stage, the coconut shell begins to release a significant amount of pyrolysis gas, primarily composed of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The sealed environment of the reactor, along with the oxygen adsorbed by the raw material, creates a mixed activation atmosphere that generates internal pressure as the temperature increases.
Next, the temperature is raised further to 800°C, where aromatization reactions occur within the organic components of the coconut shell. Gas production continues, and the structure of the shell undergoes significant changes. Due to the pressure inside the closed system, the generated gases are forced out, which influences the structural development of the shell and enhances the formation of micropores during the high-temperature self-activation phase.
Finally, the temperature is increased to 900°C. At this point, the solid carbon formed from the pyrolysis of the coconut shell reacts spontaneously with the mixed activation gases, leading to the creation of micropores. The internal pressure within the reactor also increases, accelerating the self-activation reaction.
This study investigated the effects of key parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, time, heating rate, and environmental confinement on the composition of the self-activated pyrolysis gas, pore structure, specific surface area, pore size distribution, and adsorption performance of the resulting activated carbon. It provides a detailed understanding of the mechanism behind the physical activation process through pyrolysis.
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