The waterproof construction techniques and key control points for kitchens and bathrooms are specifically designed for the application of polyurethane coating materials on floors in residential buildings. This method ensures long-lasting protection against water damage, making it ideal for areas prone to moisture such as bathrooms and kitchens.
1. Preparation for Construction
(1) Working Conditions
1. The floor base in the kitchen and bathroom has been completed, and all vertical pipes and casings that pass through the floor have been installed and secured. The gaps around the pipes are filled with 1:2:4 pea stone concrete, with formwork set at the bottom of the floor.
2. The leveling layer of the kitchen and bathroom floor is complete, with proper elevation and a smooth, solid surface. No hollow drums, cracks, or sanding should be present, and the moisture content must not exceed 9%.
3. The slope of the screed should be 2% (1:50), ensuring no local water accumulation. The corners and pipe roots should be rounded with a radius of 100mm using a special trowel. A 5% slope (1:20) should be applied at the wall root to prevent water pooling.
4. Clean the base layer thoroughly before applying the waterproof coating. Remove any dust, debris, or uneven areas. For hard-to-clean areas around pipe roots, use a brush to clean effectively. If there are pits or irregularities, repair them using a cement-sand mixture (1:1.5:2.5).
5. Before applying the waterproof coating, apply an additional layer at the root of the floor drain and walls—areas where leaks are most likely to occur.
6. The walls of the kitchen and bathroom should be waterproofed according to design specifications, with a minimum height of 300mm. The plaster on the wall base should be smooth, free from defects like hollow drums or cracks. Pipes passing through the waterproof layer should be installed in advance, with the surface recessed by 5mm within 50mm of the pipe, forming a 10mm radius arc at the root.
7. Mark the waterproof height line on the wall using the 50cm elevation line. Ensure that the paint level matches this line during application.
8. Ensure sufficient lighting (e.g., low-voltage lamps) and ventilation equipment are available before starting work.
9. Waterproof materials are typically flammable and toxic. Store them away from fire sources and ensure proper fire-fighting equipment is on hand. Workers must wear protective gear, including overalls and soft-soled shoes.
10. Maintain ambient temperatures above +5°C during the process.
11. Operators must be trained and certified. A model room should be constructed first, and only after inspection and approval can full-scale work begin.
(2) Material Requirements
HB kitchen and bathroom waterproof coating is a leading product in the market, offering excellent weather resistance, water resistance, and stability similar to SBS modified asphalt membranes. It is easy to apply and forms a durable waterproof membrane. Made from petroleum asphalt, modified with high molecular polymers, it provides high performance at an affordable price.
Key performance indicators include:
- Solid content: ≥ 43%
- Low temperature flexibility: -10°C to -15°C
- Heat resistance: 80°C
- Impermeability: 0.1 MPa for 30 minutes
- Bond strength: ≥ 0.2 MPa
- Extensibility: ≥ 5 mm (no treatment), ≥ 3.5 mm after heat, UV, and alkali exposure
- Alkali resistance: Soaked in Ca(OH)₂ saturated solution for 7 days at 23±2°C
- Acid resistance: Soaked in 2% H₂SO₄ solution for 7 days at 23±2°C
- Drying time: ≤ 2 hours dry, ≤ 10 hours fully dry
(3) Tools Required
Main tools include electric mixers, mixing buckets, small paint cans, plastic scrapers, iron scrapers, rubber scrapers, spring scales, brushes, rollers, small trowels, oil shovels, and more.
2. Quality Requirements
(1) Main Control Items
1. Waterproof materials must meet design and current standard requirements.
2. Drainage slopes, embedded pipelines, equipment, and fixing bolts must be properly sealed.
3. Floor drains should be the lowest point, ensuring efficient drainage and unobstructed systems.
(2) General Items
1. Sealing at drainage slope edges and floor drains must be tight without leakage.
2. Flexible sealing materials should be used, densely packed and firmly bonded.
3. The waterproof coating should be even, with no cracking or bubbling.
4. The thickness of the waterproof layer must meet the design requirements.
3. Construction Process
HB kitchen and bathroom waterproof coating construction steps:
- Base cleaning
- Detail additional layer construction
- First layer coating film
- Second layer coating film
- Third layer coating film
- First water test
- Protective layer construction
- Second water test
- Engineering quality acceptance
4. Operational Steps
(1) Base Cleaning
Remove the surface layer with a blade and clean the area with enamel, especially around pipe roots, floor drains, and drain ports. If there is oil, clean with a wire brush and sandpaper. Fill any depressions with cement putty to ensure a flat surface.
(2) Detail Additional Layer Construction
1. Stir the material well before use. Do not dilute it with water or other substances.
2. Apply the additional layer on weak areas like pipe roots, floor drains, and corners using a brush. Ensure the coating is thick enough to prevent leaks (up to 250mm high on the wall). After 4 hours, apply the second layer. Once fully dry, proceed with the main coating. Each layer should be about 0.6mm thick.
(3) Coating Film Waterproof Layer Construction
The standard thickness for HB waterproof coating is 1.1mm, 1.5mm, or 2.0mm. Depending on the design, it can be applied in two or three layers.
1. Open the packaging and mix the material thoroughly.
2. Apply the first layer evenly with a scraper, aiming for a thickness of 0.6mm and a coverage of 0.6–0.8kg/m². Work from the inside out, covering the wall first.
3. Apply the second layer once the first is cured. Ensure the direction of the second layer is perpendicular to the first to achieve uniform thickness. Use slightly less material, aiming for 0.5mm thickness.
4. Apply the third layer after the second has dried. Aim for a thickness of 0.4–0.5kg/m². Repeat as needed based on the desired final thickness.
5. Apply a coarse sand bonding layer to protect the waterproof layer. Use a 1:1 mixture of 108 glue or cement slurry. Roll the coating onto the wall waterproof layer and remove 2–3mm of sand to improve adhesion.
6. Construct the protective or finish layer after the waterproof coating is fully cured.
(4) Waterproof Layer Details
1. Pipe Roots and Corners
- Floor, Leveling Layer (R=10mm at pipe roots and corners), Waterproof Additional Layer (150mm wide, 100mm high), Waterproof Layer, Protective Layer, Surface Layer
2. Floor Drain Details
- Template, Leveling Layer (R=10mm), Waterproof Additional Layer (150mm wide), Waterproof Layer, Protective Layer, Surface Layer
3. Door Details
- Floor, Leveling Layer (R=10mm), Waterproof Additional Layer (150mm wide), Waterproof Layer (250mm high), Protective Layer, Surface Layer
(5) Acceptance of Coating Film Waterproof Layer
Each step of the waterproof coating process must be carefully inspected and documented. Only after passing the test can the next stage proceed. Once the waterproof layer is fully dry, conduct a full inspection to ensure even coating, proper thickness, and tight sealing. A slicing inspection will verify the thickness meets the design requirements. No defects like bubbling, cracking, or curling should be present. After acceptance, perform a 24-hour water storage test, ensuring no leakage occurs. Record results and proceed with the protective layer.
(6) Finished Product Protection
1. During the waterproof coating application, workers should wear flat shoes and avoid damaging pipes, casings, floor drains, or fixtures. Avoid contaminating walls, doors, windows, or electrical boxes with the coating.
2. After construction, strictly protect the waterproof layer. Place warning signs on the kitchen and bathroom doors. No one should enter or place debris on the area before the protective layer is applied.
3. Before waterproofing the floor drain or outlet, take protective measures to prevent blockage and ensure smooth drainage. Clean the drain thoroughly.
4. When laying the protective layer, avoid mixing mortar directly on the waterproof layer. Keep tools away from the coated surface to prevent damage.
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