Waterproofing techniques for kitchens and bathrooms, particularly the application of polyurethane coating, are essential in ensuring long-term protection against water damage in residential buildings. This process involves careful preparation, material selection, and precise execution to meet quality standards and durability requirements.
1. Preparatory Work
Before applying waterproof coatings, several conditions must be met:
• The floor base should be fully completed, with all vertical pipes and casings fixed and sealed properly. The gaps around these pipes should be filled with 1:2:4 pea stone concrete, with formwork installed at the bottom.
• The leveling layer of the floor must be smooth, solid, and free from cracks, hollow drums, or sanding. Moisture content should not exceed 9%.
• The slope of the floor should be set at 2% (1:50), ensuring no local water accumulation. Corners and pipe roots should be rounded with a radius of 100mm, using a specialized trowel.
• The base surface should be cleaned thoroughly, removing dust, debris, and any protruding mortar. For hard-to-clean areas around pipe roots, use a brush to remove dirt. If there are pits or irregularities, repair them with a 1:1.5:2.5 cement-sand mix.
• Additional layers should be applied to critical areas such as pipe roots, floor drains, and corners to prevent leaks. Walls should be treated according to design specifications, typically with a minimum height of 300mm.
• Ensure proper lighting and ventilation before starting work. Store waterproof materials away from fire sources and provide safety equipment for workers.
• Maintain ambient temperatures above +5°C and ensure all operators are trained and certified. A model room should be constructed first for inspection before full-scale work begins.
2. Material Requirements
The HB kitchen and bathroom waterproof coating is a high-performance product made from modified asphalt and polymers. It offers excellent weather resistance, stability, and flexibility. Its key performance indicators include:
- Solid content: ≥43%
- Low temperature flexibility: -10°C to -15°C
- Heat resistance: 80°C
- Imperviousness: 0.1 MPa for 30 minutes
- Bond strength: ≥0.2 MPa
- Extensibility: ≥5 mm (unprocessed), ≥3.5 mm after heat, UV, and alkali exposure
- Drying time: ≤2 hours for initial dry, ≤10 hours for full dry
3. Tools Required
Essential tools include electric mixers, paint brushes, scrapers, trowels, and other specialized equipment to ensure even application and proper coverage.
4. Quality Standards
Key quality checks include:
- Materials must meet design and standard requirements.
- All drainage slopes, pipes, and fixtures must be properly sealed.
- Floor drains should be the lowest point, allowing for efficient drainage without blockages.
- Sealing materials should be flexible and well-bonded.
- Coating should be even, with no cracks or bubbles.
- Thickness must meet design specifications.
5. Construction Process
The process includes:
- Base cleaning
- Additional layer construction on critical areas
- First, second, and third coating applications
- Initial water test
- Protective layer installation
- Final water test
- Quality acceptance
6. Application Details
For pipe roots, corners, and floor drains, additional waterproofing layers should be applied. The waterproof coating should be evenly spread, with each layer reaching the desired thickness. After curing, a protective layer can be added to safeguard the coating.
7. Final Inspection and Protection
After completion, a water storage test should be conducted for 24 hours to ensure no leakage. The waterproof layer must be free from defects like cracking or peeling. Proper protection measures should be taken to avoid damage during subsequent construction phases.
By following these steps, the waterproofing system in kitchens and bathrooms will provide reliable, long-lasting protection, ensuring a safe and comfortable living environment.
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