Chemical Composition and Data Characteristics of Bearing Materials
Source: Bearing Network | Date: May 24, 2013
Bearing materials are crucial in determining the performance, durability, and reliability of bearings. The inner ring and rolling elements (such as balls) are typically made from bearing steel that undergoes vacuum heat treatment. In many cases, SUJ2 (Japanese Industrial Standard) is used, which corresponds to domestic chrome steel GCr15. This type of steel is widely standardized globally, such as AISI 52100 in the U.S., DIN 100Cr6 in Germany, and BS 535A99 in the UK.
Using these materials can significantly improve a bearing's torque performance, reduce noise, and extend its service life. However, in environments with high humidity or elevated temperatures, it's recommended to use martensitic stainless steel for better corrosion resistance.
**Chemical Composition**
- **Rolling Bearing Steel (GCr15)**
According to GB/T 18254-2000 "High Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel," the chemical composition is as follows:
| Code |
Trademark |
Chemical Composition (%) |
| B00150 |
GCr15 |
C |
Si |
Mn |
Cr |
| 0.95–1.05 |
0.15–0.35 |
0.25–0.45 |
1.4–1.65 |
Note:
1. The residual copper content in bearing steel pipes should not exceed 0.20%.
2. Oxygen content is measured on steel billets or ingots.
3. Sulfur content in wire rod (melting analysis) should be ≤0.020%.
|
- **Austenitic Stainless Steel (1Cr18Ni9)**
As per GB 1220-92 "Stainless Steel Rods," the composition is:
| Trademark |
Chemical Composition (%) |
| 1Cr18Ni9 |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Ni |
Cr |
Mo |
| ≤0.15 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
≤0.035 |
≤0.030 |
8.00–10.00 |
17.00–19.00 |
- |
- **Martensitic Stainless Steel (9Cr18)**
As specified by GB 3086-82 "High Carbon Chromium Stainless Bearing Steel," the composition is:
| Trademark |
Chemical Composition (%) |
| 9Cr18 |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
Mo |
| Maximum |
| 0.90–1.00 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.035 |
0.03 |
17.00–19.00 |
- |
**Data Characteristics**
| Data | Inner and Outer Ring, Ball | Bearing Steel | Stainless Steel |
|------|----------------------------|---------------|-----------------|
| Material | Cold rolled steel strip (SPCC BQB402), stainless steel sheet (1Cr18) | Polyamide (nylon 66), etc. | Stainless steel plate, polyamide, etc. |
| Dust Cover | Cold rolled steel strip (SPCC BQB402), stainless steel sheet (1Cr18) | - | Stainless steel plate |
| Seal Ring | Rubber (NBR, Viton) + skeleton (SPCC BQB402), PTFE (Teflon) | - | NBR+SPCC BQB402, Teflon, etc. |
| Characteristic | Operating Temperature | Extra Dynamic Load | Additional Static Load | Friction Torque | Application |
|----------------|---------------------|--------------------|------------------------|------------------|-------------|
| Bearing Steel | Below 120°C | High | High | Low | General and high-precision use |
| Stainless Steel | Below 300°C | About 80% of bearing steel | About 80% of bearing steel | High | Corrosion-resistant and high-temperature applications |
Understanding the chemical composition and material properties of bearings is essential for selecting the right components based on the operating conditions. Whether it's standard bearing steel for general use or stainless steel for harsh environments, choosing the correct material ensures optimal performance and longevity.
For more information, check out related articles such as "How to Replace a Motor Bearing," "NTN Bearing Life Analysis," and "NSK Bearing Error Analysis."
This article is sourced from China Bearing Network. Please visit [http://www.chinabearing.net](http://www.chinabearing.net) for more details.
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