Autumn sowing seedling technology of solanaceous vegetables

First, the preparation of seedlings includes four key tasks. The first is to build a seedbed. Traditional seedlings are often grown in cold beds or greenhouses. When setting up the bed, choose a location that is sheltered from the wind, with elevated terrain and easy access to water. The second task is preparing nutrient-rich soil. The bed and bauxite should be piled for about three months to create fertile soil. Typically, human excrement, chicken manure, and grass ash are mixed with soil or river mud to provide sufficient quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus. In colder regions, it's also advisable to prepare hot compost. The third step involves improving facilities, such as installing greenhouses, covering multiple layers, laying geothermal lines, and managing temperature and humidity for optimal seedling growth. The fourth task is preparing enough "free-plowing" soil conditioner and Shuofeng 481 for timely application before sowing and throughout seedbed management.

Second, the germination and sowing period should be based on the variety characteristics, planting season, and seedling conditions. Early peppers and eggplants are usually sown in mid to late October, while tomatoes are typically sown in mid-November. Before sowing, seeds should be sterilized. Soak them in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes, ensuring constant stirring and cooling during the process. Then use 1 gram of Shuofeng 481 in 3 kg of water for disinfection. For peppers and eggplants, soak for 7 hours, and for tomatoes, 5 hours. Eggplant seeds require additional washing and rubbing with sand cloth to remove surface mucus. After soaking, drain the seeds, keep them warm, and place them in an incubator at 28°C to 30°C for germination. To avoid rapid germination, maintain a temperature range of 28°C to 30°C during the day and 16°C to 18°C at night. Tomatoes take about 2 days, peppers 3 to 4 days, and eggplants 5 days to germinate. Before sowing, water the seedbed thoroughly. Once the water has soaked in, spray “free deep tillage” solution—0.05 kg per 100 square meters, using 12 to 15 kg of water evenly spread over the soil. The soil should be moist enough to plant seeds. Cover the seeds with fine soil and apply mulch. Sow 100 grams of tomato and eggplant seeds per 10 square meters, and 150 to 200 grams of pepper seeds. If used for commercial seedlings, you can sow directly without transplanting.

Third, seedbed management is crucial. During the early stages, maintain daytime temperatures between 25°C and 30°C, and nighttime temperatures around 10°C to 15°C. As the seedlings grow, adjust the temperature to 20°C to 25°C during the day and 10°C to 15°C at night, with ground temperature maintained at around 20°C. Keep the relative humidity in the seedbed at about 70%. When the seedlings have 3 to 4 true leaves, they can be transplanted. Choose a sunny day with temperatures between 25°C and 28°C during the day and 18°C to 20°C at night. To promote root survival, raise the temperature to 25°C to 30°C for a short period (about 5 days). Low temperatures can cause seedling death, stunted growth, yellowing, or root rot. When the seedlings have 7 true leaves, spray Shuofeng 481 at a concentration of 5 grams per 30 kilograms of water to help root development. Ensure the seedbed has sufficient moisture, but minimize watering before spring, and avoid wetting the soil excessively. After spring, increase irrigation slightly, preferably on sunny days between 10 AM and 11 AM. If the seedbed becomes too wet, ventilate, dry the bed, and spread fine soil. Regular ventilation helps regulate temperature and humidity, promoting fresh air circulation. In the morning, start with small ventilation and gradually increase it. Avoid opening vents into the wind. Throughout the seedling stage, remove shade covers daily, except on rainy or very cold days, to maximize light exposure. Prolonged shading can lead to water loss, so seedlings must be shaded promptly. The soil is generally rich in nutrients, so fertilization is rarely needed. However, if seedlings show signs of stunted growth, apply 2 grams of urea and 20 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 10 kg of water. This can be sprayed as a nutrient solution, but avoid concentrated manure or single fertilizer applications. Urea and ammonium sulfate can be used if necessary. In greenhouses or protected areas, even if seedlings are sold directly without transplanting, proper management is still essential. Remove dense seedlings, maintain spacing, and ensure healthy growth.

 

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