Abstract: In response to the challenge of desizing high-density fabrics, this study was conducted based on the mechanism of fabric desizing. A desizing agent named LLC, composed primarily of oxidants, alkali, and salt, was developed. The optimal desizing process was analyzed and calculated using DPS software. Experimental results demonstrated that the desizing effect was satisfactory, with minimal damage to the fabric, making it suitable for widespread application in industrial production.
Keywords: high-density fabric; desizing agent LLC; process; research
1. Introduction
Textiles are essential in daily life, and as living standards continue to rise, the demand for higher quality and more advanced textile products has increased. High-density fabrics have become increasingly popular in various applications. While extensive research has been conducted on printing and dyeing techniques for these fabrics, there is limited information on effective desizing methods. The quality of desizing directly impacts the final product’s appearance and performance.
Currently, many studies have focused on desizing processes for regular-density fabrics, and new techniques are continuously being explored. However, the desizing process for high-density fabrics remains challenging due to their tight structure, which makes it difficult to remove the sizing agents completely. This can negatively affect the quality of the printed or dyed fabric. To address this issue, this study utilized a self-made desizing agent called LLC, composed of oxidants, alkalis, and salts, based on the desizing mechanism. It also compared the performance of LLC with a commercially available desizing agent, DS. By testing the desizing efficiency on 310T high-density polyester fabric, the study aimed to determine the most effective desizing conditions and improve the overall quality of the fabric after desizing.
2. Experimental Materials and Methods
2.1 Experimental Materials
The materials used included 310T high-density polyester fabric provided by a printing and dyeing factory in Suzhou, a self-made solid desizing agent LLC (containing oxidants, alkali, and salt), and a commercial desizing agent DS. Additional equipment included an HD101A thermoelectric oven, an AY-120 electronic balance, and an HD026+ electronic fabric strength meter.
2.2 Experimental Methods
The desizing process involved fabric desizing, followed by water washing and drying. The bath ratio was maintained at 1:20, with two washes at 80°C and one at room temperature. Drying was performed at 95°C for 60 minutes. Desizing rate was calculated using the formula:
Desizing Rate = [(Weight before desizing - Weight after desizing) / Weight before desizing] × 100%.
3. Experimental Results and Analysis
3.1 Orthogonal Analysis of Desizing Rate
Using an orthogonal design, the desizing rates of both LLC and DS were tested under different conditions. The results showed that LLC achieved the highest desizing rate at a mass concentration of 2.0 g/L, pH 9.5, temperature 95°C, and time 40 minutes. For DS, the best performance was observed at 1.0 g/L, pH 10.5, 85°C, and 40 minutes. Overall, LLC showed slightly better desizing performance.
3.2 Data Analysis of Desizing Agent LLC
By analyzing the data from Table 1 using DPS software, the mean and range of each factor were determined. The analysis revealed that mass concentration had the greatest influence on desizing efficiency, followed by the interaction between mass concentration and pH. Based on the findings, the ideal desizing process for LLC was identified as 2g/L, pH 9.5, 85°C, and 40 minutes.
3.3 Data Analysis of Desizing Agent DS
Similarly, the data for DS was analyzed, showing that the interaction between mass concentration and pH had the most significant impact. The recommended desizing parameters for DS were 1g/L, pH 10.5, 85°C, and 40 minutes.
3.4 Additional Testing
3.4.1 Residual Slurry Detection
After desizing, the fabric was dyed using a cationic dye. The results showed that fabrics treated with LLC had better color uniformity than those treated with DS, indicating effective removal of sizing agents.
3.4.2 Strength Damage Test
The strength of warp and weft fibers was measured, and the results showed less than 3% loss in tensile strength, within acceptable limits. This confirms that the desizing process is gentle and suitable for industrial use.
4. Conclusion
(1) Both the compound desizing agent LLC and the commercial desizing agent DS showed good performance, with LLC performing slightly better and suitable for both general and high-density fabrics.
(2) The optimal desizing process for LLC is 2g/L, pH 9.5, 85°C, and 40 minutes.
(3) Further improvements in desizing efficiency can be achieved by increasing the agent dosage or adjusting the interaction between concentration and pH.
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