**1. Video Baseband Transmission:**
This is the most traditional method used in television monitoring systems. It involves transmitting unprocessed 0–6 MHz video baseband signals directly through coaxial cables, typically in an unbalanced configuration.
**Advantages:**
It offers minimal signal loss over short distances, low cost, and a stable system. It’s simple to set up and widely used in small-scale applications.
**Disadvantages:**
However, it has limited transmission distance—signals start to degrade significantly beyond 300 meters, especially in high-frequency components. Image quality may not be reliable. The wiring can be extensive, making maintenance difficult and scalability limited. In modern settings, non-standard cables are often used, which can lead to issues like video interference, character flickering when using a matrix, or screen distortion from video splitters. Can standard cables really fix these problems?
**2. Fiber Optic Transmission:**
Fiber optic transmission is considered one of the best solutions for long-distance video monitoring. It uses analog or digital optical transceivers to convert video and control signals into laser light, which is then transmitted through optical fibers.
**Advantages:**
It supports long-distance transmission—up to 20 km with standard devices. It provides excellent resistance to electromagnetic interference and low signal attenuation. Using 8-channel optical transceivers is often the most cost-effective option. Although fiber optics have become more affordable, they still require professional installation and maintenance.
**Disadvantages:**
For short-distance applications, fiber optic transmission isn’t economical. Installation and maintenance require skilled technicians and specialized equipment. Some engineers might skip using proper jumpers or flanges to save costs, but this can cause serious issues during future maintenance.
**3. Network Transmission:**
To address long-distance and widely scattered monitoring needs, network transmission uses compression formats like MPEG-2/4 or H.264 to transmit video signals over IP networks.
**Advantages:**
It allows remote monitoring via network video servers and software. This makes it flexible for users who need access from different locations.
**Disadvantages:**
However, network transmission is constrained by bandwidth and speed, resulting in lower image quality and frame rates. Delays and motion artifacts are common, making real-time monitoring challenging. Despite these limitations, I believe network transmission will continue to improve and become more efficient in the future.
**4. Twisted-Pair Transmission (Balanced Transmission):**
This is another form of baseband video transmission. It converts the 75-ohm unbalanced signal into a balanced mode for transmission, helping reduce noise and interference.
**Advantages:**
It’s easy to install, cost-effective, and has strong anti-common-mode interference performance.
**Disadvantages:**
It’s only suitable for short distances—around 1 km. A single twisted pair can carry only one video signal, making it unsuitable for large or medium-sized systems. It also has poor resistance to aging and environmental factors, and high-frequency components suffer significant attenuation, leading to color loss in images.
**5. Coaxial Cable Transmission (Hybrid System):**
This method uses technologies like AM modulation and FSK data modulation to combine multiple video, audio, control, and alarm signals into a single coaxial cable for two-way transmission. Think of it as a closed-circuit TV system, similar to cable TV but tailored for monitoring.
**Advantages:**
It maximizes the use of existing coaxial infrastructure, allowing 20 channels of audio/video and control signals to be transmitted simultaneously on one line. This reduces material and construction costs, simplifies installation, and makes maintenance easier. Frequency division multiplexing helps prevent signal dispersion and improves transmission efficiency. The RF transmission mode ensures minimal signal loss, and the image quality meets national standards. The 75-ohm unbalanced design gives it strong anti-interference capabilities, even in complex electromagnetic environments.
**Disadvantages:**
Implementing this system requires cross-industry collaboration, which can be challenging for those focused solely on surveillance. It demands advanced technical knowledge, experienced engineers, and professional testing instruments. System debugging is complex and not suitable for beginners.
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