Cash cow is a kind of light, slightly shade-tolerant plants; cold-resistant; drought-tolerant and thin, adaptable, like to grow in calcareous soil, salt-tolerant and short-term leeches. Deep rooting, strong sprouting, medium growth rate, young trees grow slowly, and gradually become faster, with strong anti-smoke ability. It has been planted in the Central Plains, especially in Sichuan.
Breeding method: Mainly planting and breeding, branching or rooting can also be carried out. When the fruit is ripe in autumn, it is harvested and dried in time to remove the shell. Because the seed coat is hard and not easy to see through the water, if it is not treated, the spring sowing will not germinate in the second year, so the shell will be planted in the autumn, and it can be treated with wet sand layering and then spring. Generally, ridge planting is adopted, and the distance between the rafts is 60-70 cm. Because the seed emergence rate is low, the seed amount is large, and the seeding amount is 30-40 kg/mu.
Seed collection: The cash cow fruit matures from September to October. It is selected to grow well, dry and straight, with open canopy and full fruit. The excellent single plant in the strong age is used as the seedling mother tree. When the fruit is reddish brown or orange and the fruit is not cracked, it will be collected in time, otherwise it will fall off on its own. However, it should not be taken too early, otherwise the seed germination rate is low. Because of the large difference in cold resistance of seeds from different provenances, local seedlings should be selected as much as possible.
Fruit treatment: Remove the peel and fruit stalk after fruit collection, and dry it in time or spread it out. After the capsule is cracked, beat and thresh, and use the screening method to clean the seed. The seeds are black, spherical, with a diameter of about 0.6 cm, an seeding rate of about 20%, a thousand-grain weight of about 150 g, and a germination rate of 60% to 80%.
Seed storage and pre-sow treatment: The seed coat of eucalyptus seeds is hard and difficult to permeate. If it is not germinated, the second year of spring sowing will not germinate or the germination rate is very low. Therefore, it is best to sow the seeds in the autumn and let the seeds complete the germination stage in the soil, which can save the process of seed storage and germination. After the winter of the second year after the winter, the seedlings were unearthed early and neat, and the growth was strong.
However, in the autumn, the seeds are placed in the field for too long, and the management of the planting place is troublesome. Therefore, the layer germination method is also used in production. In the late autumn, the terrain is high and the drainage is good, and the leeward digging in the sun. The pit width is l~1.5m, deep above the groundwater level, below the frozen layer, about lm, depending on the number of seeds. A layer of gravel or coarse sand can be laid at the bottom of the pit, about 10-20 cm thick, and a bunch of straws are inserted in the pit for ventilation. The sterilized seeds are mixed with wet sand and placed in a pit, and the seed to sand volume ratio is 1:3 or 1:5, or one layer of seed and one layer of sand are alternately laminated. Each layer has a thickness of about 5 cm. The humidity of the sand can be held in groups by hand, without water, and loosely touched. Installed around 20cm from the ground, covered with 5cm river sand and 10 ~ 20cm thick straw, etc., dug the drainage ditch. In March of the following year, the seeds were taken out and planted directly.
The dried seeds are immersed in warm water at 80 °C for about 40 days before sowing, and then mixed with wet sand to promote germination. When the number of split seeds reaches 30% or more, they can be sown.
Sowing: Cash cows generally use field nursery. The sowing area requires loose and breathable soil, good water and drainage performance, certain fertility, no underground pests and germs. In the spring sowing, the sowing area is best ploughed 1 to 3 times in autumn and winter to promote soil weathering, water storage and conservation, and weeds and pests. The whole land should be level and fine. For dry and rain-stricken areas, it is advisable to fill the bottom water before planting. The germination rate of eucalyptus seeds is low, and the amount used should be large, generally 50-100g per square meter.
Sowing in March in spring, applying base fertilizer on the selected plots, scallops granules or zinc sulphide granules for 3,000 to 4000 g per mu for insecticide. The use of wide-width strips not only facilitates the ventilation and light transmission of the seedlings, but also facilitates management. After the seeds are sown, cover a layer of loose soil with a thickness of 1 to 2 cm to prevent the seeds from drying out of water or being harmed by birds and beasts. It is then poured with small water and then covered with grass, straw and other materials to increase the ground temperature, maintain soil moisture, prevent weed growth and soil compaction. After about 20 days, the seedlings came out and the straw was removed.
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