Chinese researchers find genes that allow rice to be both high-quality and high-yielding

Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, research group Fu Xiangdong’s group released a report in the internationally renowned academic journal “Nature·Communication” online edition on the 27th. They said that they have discovered a key gene that can “synergically improve” the quality and yield of rice. The new molecular mechanism of plant cell G protein signal transduction pathway regulating the size of seeds is applied to the cultivation of new varieties of rice, which is expected to make the rice delicious and high yield.

"Our 'early heart' is to find a suitable 'companion' for the rice high-yielding key gene dep1. I did not expect to find it for 8 years," said Fu Xiangdong, humorously. Dep1 can increase production by increasing the number of seeds. It contributes a lot to the breeding of high-yield rice in China, but its quality is general. High-quality rice is generally bright and light in shape and slender in shape. It is stated in professional vocabulary that chalky area is small, chalky grain rate is low, and aspect ratio is large. For example, Thai basmati rice is very fine, with an aspect ratio of about 3.2:1.

How to find a slim, skin-clear "object" for dep1, which will not change the high-yield traits, but also reduce the chalkiness and increase the aspect ratio, thereby improving the quality?

From the laboratory to the field, Fu Xiangdong’s team has taken three steps in the past eight years.

In the first step, an important gene, OsMADS1, controlling rice yield and quality was successfully isolated and cloned from long-grained American indica rice variety L204. The mutation in this gene can make rice more slender, reduce chalkiness and chalky area, and improve the appearance, taste and other aspects of rice quality.

The second step is to further screen and identify a superior allelic variant, lgy3, which has the value of breeding and utilization. It can combine high quality and high yield. Reveals a new mechanism for synergistic improvement of rice yield and quality through the interaction of G proteins with OsMADS1 transcription factors.

The third step is polymerization breeding. The study found that the type of variation of this gene is not included in high-yield rice varieties grown in large areas in China. Three-year field trials in Anhui Province showed that the introduction of the new allele, lgy3, into high-yielding hybrid rice could increase its grain yield by more than 7% on the basis of significantly improved rice quality.

“This is a scientific study that is grounding gas and benefiting people,” said Zhong Zhongyi, a breeding expert. The discovery and application of the excellent allele, lgy3, is expected to solve the contradiction between high yield and good quality of rice. In the future, it can be used to cultivate and popularize new varieties of super rice, so that more rice is not only delicious but also high-yielding, helping farmers to increase their incomes.

"This study directly provides a new gene with important application value for high-yield and high-quality molecular design breeding in rice," said Nick Hubbard, a professor of plant science at Oxford University.

This project was funded by the National Science Foundation and the Chinese Academy of Sciences' pilot innovation in the molecular module design and breeding system.

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