A simple no-load transformer consists of a closed magnetizer and two windings. One of the windings is connected to an AC power source, called the primary winding Np, and the other winding can be connected to the load, called the secondary winding Ns.
If the primary winding is connected to the power supply of the alternating voltage Ui, an alternating power supply Io is produced in this winding, Io being referred to as no-load current. This current establishes an alternating magnetic flux that is closed along the magnetic circuit of the magnetic core. The magnetic flux passes through both the primary winding and the secondary winding, producing a self-induced electromotive force E1 in the primary winding, and a secondary electromotive force E2 in the secondary pole, then E1:E2 =Ns:Np.
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