Palace One furniture tells the origin of the 400-year-old private library!
There are so many libraries in the world, which one is most like heaven?
Is the world's most beautiful library appearing again? Today, Yun Shangjun said that there is a special library for the Chinese people-Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo.
The earliest existing private library in China is also the oldest existing library in Asia and one of the three oldest family libraries in the world.
The other two are in Italy, one is called the Maratesta Library, and the other is the Medici Lorenzo Library.
For four hundred years of vicissitudes, Tianyi Pavilion may have been a dream for readers in the past few hundred years, but it was unattainable. And it has come to modern times, and the reason why people have regained their attention has benefited from one person. This person is Yu Qiuyu.
As a Ningbo native, Yu Qiuyu wrote an article "Fengyu Tianyi Pavilion". From the perspective of a literati, and from the perspective of a native who also likes reading, he wrote the Tianyi Pavilion in his mind. In this writer's pen with strong emotions, how impressive is Tianyi Pavilion!
Tianyi Pavilion is located in the urban area of ​​Ningbo, Zhejiang, covering an area of ​​26,000 square meters. It was built in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and was built by the right-hand soldier Lang Fanqin who retired at the time.
The name of Tianyi Pavilion is taken from the saying of Tian Yisheng water in Han Zhengxuan's "Book of Changes", because fire is the biggest scourge of the library, and "Tian Yisheng water" can use water to overcome fire, so it is named "Tian A pavilion ".
It is the earliest existing private library in China,
It is the oldest existing library in Asia,
It is one of the three oldest family libraries in the world.
Why is a private library so important?
The story starts with the founder Fan Qin. This life was born in 1506. He took the official road of "learning and optimizing." At the age of thirty, he became a member of the Ministry of Industry and was responsible for building palaces, tombs, and barracks.
Perhaps because of his outspoken temperament, plus a bit of rebelliousness, he was given a pair of shoes by Guo Xun, saying that he deliberately postponed his work and was sent to prison.
Later, the adulterer was released from prison, and with diligent and loving the people, his political achievements were remarkable. His official position was promoted to the right minister of the military department, which is equivalent to the deputy minister of defense.
There are a lot of people who are popular, and I do n’t know if they have been hit with a small report again, or I really ca n’t see the corruption in the officialdom. 55-year-old Fan Qin resigned and went home to support the elderly.
Fan Qin has a hobby and collects books, but unlike those who search for rare and rare books, he likes to collect contemporary works and documents.
When I was an official, I bought a lot of books. After I retired, I spent a lot of time looking for books, buying books, and copying books. Transcripts were very popular in the Ming Dynasty, and many good books were rich and could not be bought. They could only be copied.
Unconsciously, there were more and more books, and the small grass room could not be put in, so I simply built a library and named it Tianyi Pavilion.
According to incomplete statistics, Fan Qin's collection of books is up to 70,000 volumes at a time, and the scriptures, history, sons, collections, and various orphans are second to none in the country, such as "Divine Order", "Military Order", "Ship Policy", "Great Reading" "," Wudinghou Guoxun confession "and other official books were all" internal materials "at that time, and it was difficult for general collectors to collect them.
From the court to the people, everyone knew that he had many books.
I think that when Qianlong revised the Sikuquanshu, he made a comprehensive arrangement of ancient Chinese books. To sort it out, there must be a foundation, so he collected ancient books from the world.
Later, Tianyi Pavilion entered books, a total of 638 books, many of which were orphans and rare books that could not be found elsewhere. As a result, the compilation of "Sikuquanshu" was completed, and the emperor was scornful, and the book was left in the Hanlin Academy directly.
But we can't stay so hard, right, the Emperor Yuci gave 10,000 volumes of "The Integration of Ancient and Modern Books" and 1 set of "Pingding back to the victory map", 1 set of "Pingding two Jinchuan battle maps" Haha.
Fan Qin set rules when he was still alive. Tianyi Pavilion allowed only the descendants of the Fan family to enter, and outsiders could not do it anyway.
To this end, the "Fan's Ban" has been specially formulated and strict regulations have been made:
Fan's ban card 1: Tobacco and alcohol must not board the building.
Fan's ban card 2: Children and grandchildren who open the door for no reason will not be punished three times.
Private relatives and friends entering the cabinet and unauthorized opening of bookcases will not be fined for one year.
Those who arbitrarily borrow books from outhouses and other surnames will not be punished with the sacrifice for three years; therefore, in addition to pursuing the punishment, those who escort the accident shall be evicted forever and shall not be sacrificed. ...
Although the regulations are strict, it is for this reason that the collection of Tianyi Pavilion can be preserved to this day. It was not until 1673 (Twelve years of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty) that the thinker Huang Zongxi was lucky to become the first person in the cabinet to enter the cabinet. Since then, Tianyi Pavilion has entered a relatively open era, but only some real university students will be allowed to visit Tianyi Pavilion.
This is the first foreigner who can enter Tianyi Pavilion, which is definitely a great honor. Huang Zongxi has been famous for Tianyi Pavilion for a long time. After he came out, he wrote an article "Tiny Pavilion Secretary" and compiled a catalog of the books in it.
He once sighed: It is difficult to read, especially to collect books, but it is difficult to hide for a long time.
For more than 400 years from the establishment of the Pavilion to 1949, Tianyi Pavilion has experienced many disasters:
In 1840, during the Opium War, the British invaded and occupied Ningbo, broke into Tianyi Pavilion, and plundered dozens of titles of "One Command" and other bibliographies;
In 1861, the Taiping Tianguo Uprising Army stationed in Ningbo. The gangsters demolished the wall behind the cabinet, smuggled the book out, and sold it to a paper-making workshop;
In 1914, a thief named Xue Jiwei went directly to the house to uncover tiles and stole at least 1,000 kinds of books from the Tianyi Pavilion. The books in the Song, Yuan, and Ming periods suffered the most losses.
After 1937, in order to avoid the war, local people and the government of the Republic of China assisted the Fan family to transfer all the books in the Pavilion to the south, and they were not shipped back to Tianyi Pavilion until the winter of 1946 ...
Anyway, Tianyi Pavilion finally survived. Guo Moruo once wrote an inscription: the liberation of 60% of the earth, the people cherish like a pearl
The ancient library building has endured time and time again. But fortunately, there are also a large number of people with lofty ideals who try to protect it. Fortunately, it still exists, and the ancient cultural heritage we are proud of continues!
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