Summer corn high-yield topdressing is the key

Most of the summer maize adopts no-tillage method. Generally, there are not many basic fertilizers, and the interplanting summer corn and seed fertilizer are rarely applied. Therefore, the nutrients needed for the growth and development of summer maize are mainly satisfied by topdressing. Therefore, topdressing plays a key role in the high yield of summer maize. In the topdressing, we should focus on the fertilization in the following periods to achieve high quality and high yield of corn and improve economy. benefit.

Miao fertilizer and seedling fertilizer are the first fertilizer applied after corn seedlings, and the seedling fertilizer should be applied early (3~4 leaves) and partial application (small seedlings, weak seedlings). After the expansion of the 3 leaves of the corn, the nutrients in the endosperm of the seeds have been exhausted, and the roots begin to absorb nutrients from the soil. At this time, the vegetative organs of the corn have grown vigorously. If the soil lacks nutrients, it will seriously affect the growth and development of the corn. Timely topdressing is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings and lays the foundation for high yield. The application rate of seedling fertilizer can account for about 40% of the total topdressing amount. If there is a seed fertilizer at the time of sowing, the amount of seedling fertilizer can be appropriately reduced and the time for fertilization can be postponed. Generally, 500-750 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 3~4 kg of urea, or 7.5-10 kg of ammonium carbonate are applied per mu. Corn is sensitive to zinc. If zinc deficiency has a great impact on yield, it is better to apply zinc sulphate 1~1.5 kg per mu to the zinc-deficient field combined with seedling fertilizer.

Jointed fertilizer and joint fertilizer not only need to meet the needs of large growth of roots, stems and leaves, but also ensure the supply of nutrients for reproductive organs development, so that vegetative growth and reproductive growth are coordinated. Therefore, jointing fertilizer is usually before and after jointing in corn 7~9 leaves. Open the hole and pursue it. Appropriate late application and less application of ground fertilizer and seedlings, early application and re-application of thin and weak seedlings, 15~20 kg of ammonium per acre, 600~750 kg of human and animal manure. It is beneficial to the development of the root system, the stalks and strong ears, the large number of grains, and the prevention of empty stalks and lodging.

When the corn has a big bell mouth, it is already a prosperous period of male and female flower organs. It is a key period for determining the size of the ear and the pollen viability. If the lack of fertilizer often leads to baldness, increased grain size and serious yield. Falling, so the attack and attack can not be ignored. Generally, 500-600 kg of manure and manure are used per mu, and 7.5-10 kg of urea is applied. It is better to cover the soil after applying the hole or to use 35~40 kg of 45% compound fertilizer. The specific fertilization time is 10 to 15 days before the corn is taken, and the hand can touch the tassel. The weak seedlings can be advanced in advance, and the seedlings can be slightly later. The panicle fertilizer generally accounts for about 40% of the fertilization amount.

Replenishing grain and fertilizer should be determined by the growth of the corn, and the attacking and licking fertilizer is insufficient. There are many yellow leaves below the ear section. When the phenomenon of de-fertilization occurs, the grain fertilizer should be applied. Conversely, the growth is not feasible. Granular fertilizer is generally applied when the corn ear is spun, and 2~3 kg of urea per acre is applied to the water. It can also be used to fertilize 25~30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per acre when it becomes red after pollination of corn silk, which can promote grain filling and increase grain weight. Granular fertilizers generally account for about 20% of the amount of fertilizer applied.

Using foliar fertilizer to spray 0.2%~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2~3 times in corn jointing stage can increase corn yield by about 10%, spraying 0.1%~0.3% zinc sulfate in seedling stage and jointing stage. An aqueous solution can prevent the occurrence of corn white mosaic disease.

The application depth of nitrogen fertilizer for summer maize is about 10 cm. After application, the soil is covered to prevent volatilization. The seedlings are 10-12 cm away from the plant, and the ear fertilizer and grain fertilizer are 15-20 cm away from the plant.

(Hunan City Bureau of Agriculture, Cao Lizhen, Li Cuiying)
Farmers Daily
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