The Basic Concept of Bearing Fretting Life

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Fretting wear is a type of surface degradation that occurs in bearings when they are not in active operation. Even though the bearing is stationary, external oscillating loads can cause slight relative motion between the rolling elements and the raceway surfaces. This micro-motion leads to localized friction, which over time results in wear and damage. During this process, the contact area between the rolling element and the raceway experiences small-scale slipping. This movement causes the metal molecules at the surface to be displaced, and oxygen from the environment reacts with these exposed areas, leading to oxidation and corrosion. The result is a form of wear known as fretting abrasion. This phenomenon typically appears as small, evenly spaced pits or grooves on the raceway surface, sometimes bright in appearance, while other times the worn particles may appear reddish-brown. Fretting wear is commonly observed in bearings used in applications such as multi-speed gearboxes, clutches, hoists, cranes, coal shovels, and backup generators. These environments often involve periodic motion or vibration, making them prone to this type of wear. When the pits caused by fretting wear grow larger, they can eventually lead to operational issues such as excessive vibration, noise, or even complete failure of the bearing. The total number of hours a bearing can remain in a non-operational state while still being subjected to oscillating loads without significant damage is referred to as its "fretting life." In many cases, especially for bearings used in clutches and similar systems, the fretting life can be shorter than the fatigue life of the bearing. Therefore, it's crucial to monitor and assess the condition of these components regularly to prevent unexpected failures and ensure long-term reliability.

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