1. What are the benefits of using vegetable topdressing? Foliar topdressing, as a common method of fertilizing vegetables, has many unique advantages:
(1) Foliar topdressing can directly obtain effective nutrients through the leaves of the crops. When root dressing is used, some nutrients are often easily fixed by the soil to reduce the utilization rate of the plants.
(2) The rate of nutrient absorption and transformation in the leaf is faster than that in the root; in the case of urea, the root can be applied for 4 to 5 days to be effective, and the leaf surface can be effective on the same day.
(3) Foliar topdressing can promote the absorption of nutrients by roots and improve the effect of root fertilization.
(4) After spraying some nutrients on the foliar surface, it can regulate the activity of the enzyme, promote the formation of chlorophyll, enhance the photosynthesis, and help to improve the quality and increase the yield. In short, foliar topdressing is a fertilization method with low cost, quick effect, simple method and easy promotion. However, the absorption of mineral nutrients by crops mainly depends on the roots. Foliar topdressing can only be used as an auxiliary means. The production should still be based on root fertilization. When using foliar topdressing, it must be carried out on the basis of applying base fertilizer and timely topdressing. In this way, the desired effect can be achieved.
2. Which fertilizers are suitable for foliar topdressing? Fertilizers suitable for foliar application are often referred to as leaf fertilizer, foliar fertilizer or foliar nutrient solution. According to the composition, it can be divided into nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, rare earth micro-fertilizer and foliar fertilizer added with plant growth regulator; the commonly used foliar fertilizer on vegetables has urea, Potassium sulphate, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulphate, rice vinegar, sucrose, rare earth micro-fertilizer, and ash leaching liquid. These fertilizers are characterized by stable properties and no damage to the leaves.
3. How to choose the corresponding foliar fertilizer according to the fertilizer characteristics of different vegetables?
(1) Leafy vegetables (such as Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, spinach, celery, etc.): The leaf top dressing is mainly urea, sprayed with a concentration of 0.3% to 0.5%, and sprayed 75 to 100 kg per 667 square meters. Spray 2 to 3 times; also spray 0.3% rice vinegar solution, spray about 50kg per 667 square meters.
(2) fruits and vegetables (such as cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper, kidney bean, beans, etc.): the foliar top dressing is mainly composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mixed liquid or multi-component compound fertilizer, such as 0.2%-0.3% dihydrogen phosphate Potassium solution, 0.5% urea + 2% superphosphate + 0.3% potassium sulfate solution, 0.05% rare earth micro-fertilizer solution, etc., generally sprayed 2 to 3 times in the growing season; spray Shibao, Yemianbao, photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, etc. The application of melon and fruit vegetables also has a good effect. In addition, spraying 1% glucose or sucrose solution in cucumber melon period can significantly increase the sugar content of cucumber; spraying "sugar nitrogen liquid" consisting of 0.2% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% sucrose can not only increase The yield can also enhance the disease resistance of the plant and reduce the occurrence of diseases such as downy mildew.
(3) Onion and garlic, root vegetables, yam vegetables (such as garlic, onions, radishes, carrots, potatoes, etc.): Foliar topdressing is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, superphosphate And grass ash leachate and the like. At the same time, according to the lack of trace elements in the soil, the application of trace element fertilizer. Such as radish, mustard spray 2 to 3 times 0.1% ~ 0.2% borax solution, can increase production, but also prevent heart and improve quality; potato spray 0.1% zinc sulfate + 0.1% ammonium molybdate mixture, generally Increase production by about 10%.
4. What problems should be paid attention to in vegetable leaf top dressing?
(1) The spraying concentration should be suitable: the foliar top dressing must control the spraying concentration. If the concentration is too high, it is easy to cause fat damage and cause unnecessary loss. Especially for trace element fertilizers, the critical range between vegetables from lack to excess is very narrow, and it must be strictly controlled; if the concentration is too low, the effect should not be obtained.
(2) Spraying time should be suitable: One of the main factors affecting the effect of foliar topdressing is the wet time of the fertilizer on the leaf surface; the longer the wetting time, the more nutrients absorbed by the leaf surface, the better the effect. Therefore, foliar top dressing must choose the appropriate spraying time according to the weather conditions; generally the morning, evening or cloudy day is the best. Foliar topdressing can not be carried out on rainy days or before rain; in case of rain within 3 hours after spraying, it is necessary to make a spray after a sunny day, but the spray concentration should be appropriately reduced.
(3) Fertilizer should be used properly: When foliar topdressing is used, two or more kinds of foliar fertilizers can be mixed reasonably, and the yield increase effect will be more significant, and the spraying time and labor can be saved. However, after the fertilizer is mixed, there must be no adverse reactions or no reduction in fertilizer efficiency, otherwise the purpose of mixing may not be achieved. In addition, the concentration of the solution and the pH should be paid attention to when the fertilizer is mixed; in general, the pH value of the solution is 6 to 7 to facilitate the absorption of the leaves.
(4) The quality of the spray should be ensured: the foliar top dressing requires small droplets and uniform spray, especially pay attention to spraying the upper leaves and the back of the leaves. Because the new leaves are faster than the old leaves and the back of the leaves than the positive ones, the absorption capacity is strong.
(1) Foliar topdressing can directly obtain effective nutrients through the leaves of the crops. When root dressing is used, some nutrients are often easily fixed by the soil to reduce the utilization rate of the plants.
(2) The rate of nutrient absorption and transformation in the leaf is faster than that in the root; in the case of urea, the root can be applied for 4 to 5 days to be effective, and the leaf surface can be effective on the same day.
(3) Foliar topdressing can promote the absorption of nutrients by roots and improve the effect of root fertilization.
(4) After spraying some nutrients on the foliar surface, it can regulate the activity of the enzyme, promote the formation of chlorophyll, enhance the photosynthesis, and help to improve the quality and increase the yield. In short, foliar topdressing is a fertilization method with low cost, quick effect, simple method and easy promotion. However, the absorption of mineral nutrients by crops mainly depends on the roots. Foliar topdressing can only be used as an auxiliary means. The production should still be based on root fertilization. When using foliar topdressing, it must be carried out on the basis of applying base fertilizer and timely topdressing. In this way, the desired effect can be achieved.
2. Which fertilizers are suitable for foliar topdressing? Fertilizers suitable for foliar application are often referred to as leaf fertilizer, foliar fertilizer or foliar nutrient solution. According to the composition, it can be divided into nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, rare earth micro-fertilizer and foliar fertilizer added with plant growth regulator; the commonly used foliar fertilizer on vegetables has urea, Potassium sulphate, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulphate, rice vinegar, sucrose, rare earth micro-fertilizer, and ash leaching liquid. These fertilizers are characterized by stable properties and no damage to the leaves.
3. How to choose the corresponding foliar fertilizer according to the fertilizer characteristics of different vegetables?
(1) Leafy vegetables (such as Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, spinach, celery, etc.): The leaf top dressing is mainly urea, sprayed with a concentration of 0.3% to 0.5%, and sprayed 75 to 100 kg per 667 square meters. Spray 2 to 3 times; also spray 0.3% rice vinegar solution, spray about 50kg per 667 square meters.
(2) fruits and vegetables (such as cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper, kidney bean, beans, etc.): the foliar top dressing is mainly composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mixed liquid or multi-component compound fertilizer, such as 0.2%-0.3% dihydrogen phosphate Potassium solution, 0.5% urea + 2% superphosphate + 0.3% potassium sulfate solution, 0.05% rare earth micro-fertilizer solution, etc., generally sprayed 2 to 3 times in the growing season; spray Shibao, Yemianbao, photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, etc. The application of melon and fruit vegetables also has a good effect. In addition, spraying 1% glucose or sucrose solution in cucumber melon period can significantly increase the sugar content of cucumber; spraying "sugar nitrogen liquid" consisting of 0.2% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% sucrose can not only increase The yield can also enhance the disease resistance of the plant and reduce the occurrence of diseases such as downy mildew.
(3) Onion and garlic, root vegetables, yam vegetables (such as garlic, onions, radishes, carrots, potatoes, etc.): Foliar topdressing is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, superphosphate And grass ash leachate and the like. At the same time, according to the lack of trace elements in the soil, the application of trace element fertilizer. Such as radish, mustard spray 2 to 3 times 0.1% ~ 0.2% borax solution, can increase production, but also prevent heart and improve quality; potato spray 0.1% zinc sulfate + 0.1% ammonium molybdate mixture, generally Increase production by about 10%.
4. What problems should be paid attention to in vegetable leaf top dressing?
(1) The spraying concentration should be suitable: the foliar top dressing must control the spraying concentration. If the concentration is too high, it is easy to cause fat damage and cause unnecessary loss. Especially for trace element fertilizers, the critical range between vegetables from lack to excess is very narrow, and it must be strictly controlled; if the concentration is too low, the effect should not be obtained.
(2) Spraying time should be suitable: One of the main factors affecting the effect of foliar topdressing is the wet time of the fertilizer on the leaf surface; the longer the wetting time, the more nutrients absorbed by the leaf surface, the better the effect. Therefore, foliar top dressing must choose the appropriate spraying time according to the weather conditions; generally the morning, evening or cloudy day is the best. Foliar topdressing can not be carried out on rainy days or before rain; in case of rain within 3 hours after spraying, it is necessary to make a spray after a sunny day, but the spray concentration should be appropriately reduced.
(3) Fertilizer should be used properly: When foliar topdressing is used, two or more kinds of foliar fertilizers can be mixed reasonably, and the yield increase effect will be more significant, and the spraying time and labor can be saved. However, after the fertilizer is mixed, there must be no adverse reactions or no reduction in fertilizer efficiency, otherwise the purpose of mixing may not be achieved. In addition, the concentration of the solution and the pH should be paid attention to when the fertilizer is mixed; in general, the pH value of the solution is 6 to 7 to facilitate the absorption of the leaves.
(4) The quality of the spray should be ensured: the foliar top dressing requires small droplets and uniform spray, especially pay attention to spraying the upper leaves and the back of the leaves. Because the new leaves are faster than the old leaves and the back of the leaves than the positive ones, the absorption capacity is strong.
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