First, freezing and freezing damage Pepper, eggplant is suitable for daytime temperatures above 25 ° C, 15 ° C above night. The temperature of the tomato during the day should be above 20 °C and not less than 8 °C during the night. When cold air comes, heat preservation should be strengthened, or artificial warming measures should be taken to prevent freezing and freezing damage caused by low temperature.
Second, the disease caused by the seed germination, cotyledons and embryo stems rot, causing rotten species. After the cotyledons are unfolded, the water-stained lesions are formed at the base of the stem of the diseased seed, and then turn into a yellow-brown color, which collapses into a line shape, that is, collapses. The seedlings of the seedlings can not stand upright, and the Other appearances of the seedlings are no different from those of the healthy seedlings.
Prevention and treatment method 1. Seedbed selection Try to build on the oysters of the uncultivated seedlings. Do not build on the old seedbed. To build a bed on an old seedbed, you must replace the large field soil with less germs or disinfect the soil. Fertilizer application must be decomposed.
2. Breeding technology Use modern seedling technology, such as electric hotbed technology, artificial temperature control seedling technology, etc., to maintain the appropriate temperature of the seedbed.
3. Bed soil disinfection formalin disinfection: 2 to 3 weeks before sowing, the bed soil is loose, 50 ml of formalin per square meter of seedbed, adding 18-36 kg of water (adding water according to soil dry and wet) ), evenly poured on the seedbed. It is then covered with a plastic film on the bed soil. After 3-5 days, remove the cover and lick the bed soil. After about 2 weeks, the drug solution is fully evaporated and then seeded. Disinfection of pentachloronitrobenzene, etc.: Mix 70% of pentachloronitrobenzene with 50% of thiram, and apply 8-10 g per square meter (4-5 g each), plus Dry fine soil 20-30 kg and mix well. Before sowing, one-third of the soil is evenly spread on the bed surface to make the soil, and then the seed is planted on the soil, and the remaining two-thirds of the soil is evenly covered on the seed as the cover soil. After covering the soil, the surface of the soil should be sprinkled with water to keep the soil moist. Do not let the soil be too dry to avoid phytotoxicity. Disinfection with carbendazim or thiophanate: use 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate, 8-10 grams per square meter, use the same method as above. Disinfection of the original Kekesong powder: use 70% dikesong powder, 500 grams per mu, plus 20-25 kg of fine dry soil, used before sowing.
4. Seed treatment Seeds are soaked in warm water at 48 ° C - 49 ° C for 10-15 minutes before sowing. Or seed dressing with 50% thiram double wettable powder or 65% dasen zinc wettable powder at a dose of 0.3% of the seed weight.
5. Seedbed management The temperature of the seedbed should be appropriate to reduce low temperature damage. Appropriately increase the number of soil loose soil and promote root growth. Control the proper humidity. In the early stage of emergence, the soil can be sprinkled 1-2 times on the bed surface to protect the ground and make up the ground cracks. When the humidity of the seedbed is too large, the number of ventilation should be increased when the temperature is high, the moisture of the seedbed should be eliminated, and the humidity of the seedbed should be reduced. When the seedbed is dry and must be watered, it should be done in the morning. Immediately after watering, the plastic film is covered to increase the temperature of the seedbed, and the air is ventilated at a high temperature at noon. The amount of water is measured by the rhizosphere soil of the seedlings. Take all measures to improve the lighting conditions of the seedbed. Promptly expose the insulation cover and extend the time of seeing light. After the emergence of seedlings and time seedlings, seedlings should be divided into seedlings in time to prevent seedlings from being too dense, affecting ventilation and light transmission, resulting in excessive humidity and weak growth of seedlings. When the watering or seedbed humidity is too high, the dry grass ash can be sprinkled several times in the seedbed. Dry grass ash has the functions of moisture absorption and humidity reduction, increasing light absorption capacity, increasing ground temperature, and inhibiting the growth of pathogens. It was found that the diseased seedlings were removed in time and carried to the field for deep burial or burning. Spray one-tenth of the natural alizarin-Shuo 481 to improve disease resistance.
6. After the disease prevention and treatment, the following agents can be used: 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution; 64% antivirus WP WP 500 times solution; 70% mancozeb WP 500 times solution; 70% enemy Kesong original powder 1000 times solution. Choose one of the above agents, or use them alternately, once every 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times.
Third, the blight disease occurs in the middle and late stages of seedlings, the affected seedlings produce elliptical dark brown lesions at the base of the stem, and the early diseased seedlings are wilting during the day and recover at night. Later, the lesions gradually sag. After the lesion develops around the stem for a week, it collapses and the roots gradually dry and wilting until they die. The prevention and treatment methods are the same as the disease.
Fourth, the roots of the seedlings do not produce new roots in the roots of the seedlings, the root bark is yellow and rust brown, and finally rot. The growth of the aboveground part is inhibited, the leaf color becomes light or yellow, and no new leaves are produced, and it is wilting before and after noon during the day. Seedlings are easy to pull up.
Prevention and treatment methods The disease is a physiological disease, no need to spray drugs, and other agricultural measures are the same.
5. The seedlings of the wind-sparkling seedlings that have not been ventilated for a long time are in the environment with high air humidity. The transpiration is not very strong. If the wind is suddenly hit, the transpiration suddenly increases, destroying the original root water absorption and transpiration. The balance between the two leaves often makes the soft leaves lose too much water, and they are not replenished in time, but the wilting phenomenon occurs. If the wilting time is too long, the leaves can not be restored, and finally the green is dead. This phenomenon is called "drying" of the seedlings.
Preventive measures: When the seedbed is ventilated, it should be small to large. Do not overdo it, so that the seedlings have an adaptation process. When encountering strong winds, be careful not to let the wind blow away the cover.
6. Sunshine wilting The seedlings are exposed to weak light conditions of 10 000 lux for a long time. If they suddenly become exposed to strong light conditions of 20 000 lux, they are prone to wilting. The symptoms are: the tip of the leaf curls upwards, and for a long time, the leaves are green and dry.
Precautionary measures: Let the seedlings from weak light conditions to strong light conditions should be gradual, not too sudden, using partial shading measures; seeing light in the morning and afternoon, covering at noon, so that the seedlings have an adaptation process.
Second, the disease caused by the seed germination, cotyledons and embryo stems rot, causing rotten species. After the cotyledons are unfolded, the water-stained lesions are formed at the base of the stem of the diseased seed, and then turn into a yellow-brown color, which collapses into a line shape, that is, collapses. The seedlings of the seedlings can not stand upright, and the Other appearances of the seedlings are no different from those of the healthy seedlings.
Prevention and treatment method 1. Seedbed selection Try to build on the oysters of the uncultivated seedlings. Do not build on the old seedbed. To build a bed on an old seedbed, you must replace the large field soil with less germs or disinfect the soil. Fertilizer application must be decomposed.
2. Breeding technology Use modern seedling technology, such as electric hotbed technology, artificial temperature control seedling technology, etc., to maintain the appropriate temperature of the seedbed.
3. Bed soil disinfection formalin disinfection: 2 to 3 weeks before sowing, the bed soil is loose, 50 ml of formalin per square meter of seedbed, adding 18-36 kg of water (adding water according to soil dry and wet) ), evenly poured on the seedbed. It is then covered with a plastic film on the bed soil. After 3-5 days, remove the cover and lick the bed soil. After about 2 weeks, the drug solution is fully evaporated and then seeded. Disinfection of pentachloronitrobenzene, etc.: Mix 70% of pentachloronitrobenzene with 50% of thiram, and apply 8-10 g per square meter (4-5 g each), plus Dry fine soil 20-30 kg and mix well. Before sowing, one-third of the soil is evenly spread on the bed surface to make the soil, and then the seed is planted on the soil, and the remaining two-thirds of the soil is evenly covered on the seed as the cover soil. After covering the soil, the surface of the soil should be sprinkled with water to keep the soil moist. Do not let the soil be too dry to avoid phytotoxicity. Disinfection with carbendazim or thiophanate: use 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate, 8-10 grams per square meter, use the same method as above. Disinfection of the original Kekesong powder: use 70% dikesong powder, 500 grams per mu, plus 20-25 kg of fine dry soil, used before sowing.
4. Seed treatment Seeds are soaked in warm water at 48 ° C - 49 ° C for 10-15 minutes before sowing. Or seed dressing with 50% thiram double wettable powder or 65% dasen zinc wettable powder at a dose of 0.3% of the seed weight.
5. Seedbed management The temperature of the seedbed should be appropriate to reduce low temperature damage. Appropriately increase the number of soil loose soil and promote root growth. Control the proper humidity. In the early stage of emergence, the soil can be sprinkled 1-2 times on the bed surface to protect the ground and make up the ground cracks. When the humidity of the seedbed is too large, the number of ventilation should be increased when the temperature is high, the moisture of the seedbed should be eliminated, and the humidity of the seedbed should be reduced. When the seedbed is dry and must be watered, it should be done in the morning. Immediately after watering, the plastic film is covered to increase the temperature of the seedbed, and the air is ventilated at a high temperature at noon. The amount of water is measured by the rhizosphere soil of the seedlings. Take all measures to improve the lighting conditions of the seedbed. Promptly expose the insulation cover and extend the time of seeing light. After the emergence of seedlings and time seedlings, seedlings should be divided into seedlings in time to prevent seedlings from being too dense, affecting ventilation and light transmission, resulting in excessive humidity and weak growth of seedlings. When the watering or seedbed humidity is too high, the dry grass ash can be sprinkled several times in the seedbed. Dry grass ash has the functions of moisture absorption and humidity reduction, increasing light absorption capacity, increasing ground temperature, and inhibiting the growth of pathogens. It was found that the diseased seedlings were removed in time and carried to the field for deep burial or burning. Spray one-tenth of the natural alizarin-Shuo 481 to improve disease resistance.
6. After the disease prevention and treatment, the following agents can be used: 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution; 64% antivirus WP WP 500 times solution; 70% mancozeb WP 500 times solution; 70% enemy Kesong original powder 1000 times solution. Choose one of the above agents, or use them alternately, once every 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times.
Third, the blight disease occurs in the middle and late stages of seedlings, the affected seedlings produce elliptical dark brown lesions at the base of the stem, and the early diseased seedlings are wilting during the day and recover at night. Later, the lesions gradually sag. After the lesion develops around the stem for a week, it collapses and the roots gradually dry and wilting until they die. The prevention and treatment methods are the same as the disease.
Fourth, the roots of the seedlings do not produce new roots in the roots of the seedlings, the root bark is yellow and rust brown, and finally rot. The growth of the aboveground part is inhibited, the leaf color becomes light or yellow, and no new leaves are produced, and it is wilting before and after noon during the day. Seedlings are easy to pull up.
Prevention and treatment methods The disease is a physiological disease, no need to spray drugs, and other agricultural measures are the same.
5. The seedlings of the wind-sparkling seedlings that have not been ventilated for a long time are in the environment with high air humidity. The transpiration is not very strong. If the wind is suddenly hit, the transpiration suddenly increases, destroying the original root water absorption and transpiration. The balance between the two leaves often makes the soft leaves lose too much water, and they are not replenished in time, but the wilting phenomenon occurs. If the wilting time is too long, the leaves can not be restored, and finally the green is dead. This phenomenon is called "drying" of the seedlings.
Preventive measures: When the seedbed is ventilated, it should be small to large. Do not overdo it, so that the seedlings have an adaptation process. When encountering strong winds, be careful not to let the wind blow away the cover.
6. Sunshine wilting The seedlings are exposed to weak light conditions of 10 000 lux for a long time. If they suddenly become exposed to strong light conditions of 20 000 lux, they are prone to wilting. The symptoms are: the tip of the leaf curls upwards, and for a long time, the leaves are green and dry.
Precautionary measures: Let the seedlings from weak light conditions to strong light conditions should be gradual, not too sudden, using partial shading measures; seeing light in the morning and afternoon, covering at noon, so that the seedlings have an adaptation process.
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