At present, the newly developed fertilizer varieties in the world mainly include the following:
1. Physical fertilizer regulation fertilizer. The fertilizer is coated with resin or sulfur to obtain granules. After being applied to the soil, the active ingredient can be slowly released and absorbed by the plant, and is not lost due to dissolution in water. The coating resin should be biodegradable, otherwise the accumulation of resin in the soil can be a problem. In addition, this fertilizer can also be used as a component of a mixed granular fertilizer.
2, chemical fertilizer fertilizer regulation fertilizer. After the slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer synthesized by chemical method is applied to the soil, it reacts with water under the action of microorganisms to slowly release nutrients, thereby producing fertilizer effect. Currently developed varieties are: isobutyraldehyde condensation urea, aldehyde condensation urea, formaldehyde condensation urea, oxalic acid amide (made from ammonia and oxalic acid).
3. Nitrogen fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor added. The ammonia nitrogen applied to the soil will be oxidized and converted into nitrate under the action of microorganisms. The nitrate can not be adsorbed by the soil and is easily lost. Therefore, the addition of nitrification inhibitor to the nitrogen fertilizer can also improve the fertilizer efficiency. The nitrification inhibitors that have been developed include thiourea, 2-amino-4-6-methylpyridine, thiobenzothiazole, mercaptothiourea and the like. The suppression of varieties needs further research and development.
4. Fertilizers added with pesticides. Adding the appropriate amount of pesticides to the fertilizers has the dual function, which can reduce the farmers' fertilizer and pesticides. Of course, the pesticides should be compatible with the fertilizers, and the pesticides should be safe and versatile.
5, high composition of fertilizer. The phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are made into chemical fertilizers with high active ingredients such as phosphoric acid urea, ammonium polyphosphate, potassium phosphate and potassium nitrate, which can save manpower and material resources during storage, transportation and treatment. Of course, the manufacture of these high-component fertilizers, the physical properties of fertilizers, and the application of the fertilizers have problems to be solved.
6, mixed granular fertilizer. The fertilizers of various ingredients are granulated (such as coated granules), and then mixed according to the needs of the soil to form a mixed granule fertilizer. At the time of preparation, attention should be paid to solving problems such as granulation technology and addition of anti-consolidation agent.
The above-mentioned fertilizer-making technology can be used in combination, for example, a polymer fertilizer can be made into a granular coated fertilizer, thereby preparing a mixed fertilizer granule.
To develop, produce, and fertilize new varieties of fertilizers, the units that need to engage in scientific research and production should coordinate with the farmers in the competent agricultural departments to conduct field trials and achieve results before they can be promoted. In addition, we should pay attention to the standardization of chemical fertilizer varieties and create brand-name trademarks in order to gain the trust of farmers.
1. Physical fertilizer regulation fertilizer. The fertilizer is coated with resin or sulfur to obtain granules. After being applied to the soil, the active ingredient can be slowly released and absorbed by the plant, and is not lost due to dissolution in water. The coating resin should be biodegradable, otherwise the accumulation of resin in the soil can be a problem. In addition, this fertilizer can also be used as a component of a mixed granular fertilizer.
2, chemical fertilizer fertilizer regulation fertilizer. After the slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer synthesized by chemical method is applied to the soil, it reacts with water under the action of microorganisms to slowly release nutrients, thereby producing fertilizer effect. Currently developed varieties are: isobutyraldehyde condensation urea, aldehyde condensation urea, formaldehyde condensation urea, oxalic acid amide (made from ammonia and oxalic acid).
3. Nitrogen fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor added. The ammonia nitrogen applied to the soil will be oxidized and converted into nitrate under the action of microorganisms. The nitrate can not be adsorbed by the soil and is easily lost. Therefore, the addition of nitrification inhibitor to the nitrogen fertilizer can also improve the fertilizer efficiency. The nitrification inhibitors that have been developed include thiourea, 2-amino-4-6-methylpyridine, thiobenzothiazole, mercaptothiourea and the like. The suppression of varieties needs further research and development.
4. Fertilizers added with pesticides. Adding the appropriate amount of pesticides to the fertilizers has the dual function, which can reduce the farmers' fertilizer and pesticides. Of course, the pesticides should be compatible with the fertilizers, and the pesticides should be safe and versatile.
5, high composition of fertilizer. The phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are made into chemical fertilizers with high active ingredients such as phosphoric acid urea, ammonium polyphosphate, potassium phosphate and potassium nitrate, which can save manpower and material resources during storage, transportation and treatment. Of course, the manufacture of these high-component fertilizers, the physical properties of fertilizers, and the application of the fertilizers have problems to be solved.
6, mixed granular fertilizer. The fertilizers of various ingredients are granulated (such as coated granules), and then mixed according to the needs of the soil to form a mixed granule fertilizer. At the time of preparation, attention should be paid to solving problems such as granulation technology and addition of anti-consolidation agent.
The above-mentioned fertilizer-making technology can be used in combination, for example, a polymer fertilizer can be made into a granular coated fertilizer, thereby preparing a mixed fertilizer granule.
To develop, produce, and fertilize new varieties of fertilizers, the units that need to engage in scientific research and production should coordinate with the farmers in the competent agricultural departments to conduct field trials and achieve results before they can be promoted. In addition, we should pay attention to the standardization of chemical fertilizer varieties and create brand-name trademarks in order to gain the trust of farmers.
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