Characteristics of Ancient Chinese Furniture: Characteristics of Ancient Chinese Furniture
Traditional furniture gives people a very fine feeling. Of course, it is also very particular and unique. Friends who like traditional furniture must not miss today’s explanation. Today Xiaobian introduces the functions of Chinese traditional furniture. You can take a look at it.
Features of Ancient Chinese Ancient Furniture - Introduction
2000 In the past ten years, the traditional Chinese furniture industry has experienced the first stage of development, that is, volume expansion is the main form, and a complete industrial system has been initially established in line with the complete category and international standards. The current products can meet the needs of people's lives and the international market. In the future 5mdash; 10 years, relying on the development of the international furniture industry, Chinese traditional furniture will usher in a period of rapid development. The characteristics of ancient Chinese furniture
1, nostalgia and emotional appeal: its characteristics are mainly from the perspective of human psychology, because the more people leave the era, the curiosity and sense of mystery of that era is stronger, and even longing for that era.
2, natural and simple: we are in the decorative technology of ancient furniture, its materials are very special; in the decorative technology, the content is from the natural all things, flowers, birds, insects, landscapes rich imagination, through good morality. Weather and all Chinese ancient furniture: often in the spacious interior with lights, such as the nave at the table, screen furniture. Modern furniture, living room and bedroom space are constantly expanding, so few, like this kind of furniture screen has a space for one person. The Characteristics of Development of Ancient Chinese Furniture
When the furniture space becomes a personalized platform that can relax people's minds, the style of the furniture industry presents a variety of trends and developments. Chinese traditional furniture has entered a new era and seeks independent innovation. The main manufacturing companies also realize that only the spirit of independent innovation and independent brands can be the only industry in the industry that is even and competitive. In the next 5 to 10 years, with the support of the international furniture industry, Chinese traditional furniture will usher in the second fastest growing development. period. This period is not an exaggerated quantity but an improvement in quality. We look forward to the arrival of these changes, which will make our lives better!
This is an introduction to the characteristics of traditional Chinese furniture. Now we should also understand that the characteristics of traditional Chinese furniture are simple and natural. The use of the above materials is very important. Nowadays, many people like antique things. Chinese traditional furniture is yours. Can't miss the choice.
A brief history of Chinese furniture development
History of China's furniture development directory:
1, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty furniture, 2. Qin and Han Dynasty furniture, 3. Furniture of Wei, Yi, Southern and Northern Dynasties, 4. Yi, Tang, Five-generation furniture, 5. Furniture during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, 6. Ming and Qing furniture, 7. Furniture in the Republic of China, and 8. modern furniture.
Summer, Shang, Western Zhou Dynasty (Furniture around the 16th century BC ~ 249 BC) From the Paleolithic period of the indeterminate settlements to the Sunrise of the Neolithic Age, our ancestors can finally settle down, but the living conditions are extremely high. Simple, because it is low and narrow, so the traditional way of life sat on the ground for a thousand years.
When the wooden building lives from primitive burrowing, the development of furniture. Xia He and Shang, the Chinese generation on Wednesday, explained the slave society and the splendid bronze culture. The two generations of bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasty can be seen as a number. Without such a nation, the bronze, and later became the mother's image in the case of furniture, boxes, cabinets, and tables. At this stage, bronze furniture is characterized by simplicity, thickness, mystery, and dignity. Decorative patterns and patterns, such as overeating, enamel and cloud patterns, are equally powerful majesty.
The three generations of seats only seats, banquets, based on the original art, using bamboo, skilled, innovative designs, and use some silk, or use different colors of bamboo.
The types of Qin and Han Chao are based on the development of the State of the Spring and Autumn War and the development of beds. There are several cases on the sofa, such as screens, cabinets, boxes, and shelves. However, due to a few cases, sitting on the floor, and the hangers and sleeping beds and sofas are very short, and on the bed in the spring and autumn to learn the side of the case; on the bed or sofa, the expansion surface gradually expands; It is two or three sides and behind the bed on one side. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, from the western region of Central China, life was transformed into a lifestyle center in which people sat on the bed, and low-F furniture types and styles evolved with increasingly high-grade furniture.
During the Wei Jin Southern and Southern and Northern Dynasties furniture (220-581 AD) period, the warlords who competed for leadership within the ruling class also promoted the exchange of ethnic culture and arts, the integration of sects and nationalities, and also made the furniture modelling and The mutual penetration and absorption of functions.
The development of high-level furniture with ethnic minorities in the northwest has entered the Central Plains, objectively led to many ethnic groups, integrating high-level seats such as Huchuang, chairs, Fangdeng, Yuandun, etc., from the ethnic minority areas to the Central Plains furniture, and thus to high-end furniture accessories. For the coexistence of the five generations of foundation and lifestyle and pedaling, sitting on the floor to sit in the lifestyle. During this period, the appearance of various types of high-profile seats, such as chairs, stools, beds, and crashes, began to increase. Some top-level accounts also set up full-suction, removable short screens, and were decorated low in the kettle door. In addition to the rest of the beds on a few basis, there is a hidden capsule for the waist and seated music.
Decorative style: the use of green lacquer wood furniture decorative paint, dark green color to break the traditional red lacquer furniture, a unified situation of black and white, furniture decoration theme also reflects the cosmology and a strong religious color, exquisite empty sparse, lotus, honeysuckle , pattern, flame flight, related Buddhist lines and other decorative patterns.
During the period of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties (581-960), Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, with the political stability, the development of feudal society in China reached its peak period. At that time, handicrafts developed, socio-economic prosperity, and art forms such as poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, and dance were rich and varied. The maturity of building technology promoted the further development of furniture reform. As represented by the influence of Buddhist culture, the transition to sit on the floor began to be popularized by the upper classes to the level of civilians, furniture and conditions. During this period, the new panel furniture centered on tables, chairs and stools gradually replaced the central position of the bed.
Han Xizai night banquet
Ladies and Shakers Han Xizai Night Banquet We found that both chairs and chairs appeared during this period.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, furniture also had low-grade features, showing a trend from low to high. Sui Dynasty (581 ~ 618 years), small furniture, low furniture. In the Tang Dynasty (618 ~ 907), high-type furniture has emerged, and furniture manufacturing technology has entered a new historical stage, showing gorgeous, beautiful and spectacular features.
The name of the chair was first seen in the Tang Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, the use of chairs gradually increased. The name of the chair is also widely used before it is separated from the bed category.
Modeling features: Tang Dynasty furniture style full, generous, heavy, furniture legs using a large curved curve outward modeling, showing a flourishing momentum, while using exquisite carved patterns for decoration.
Decorative features: As a pursuit of gorgeous artistic effects, snails, paintings, painted furniture, paintings and sculptures, flat gold, silver, wooden paintings and other decorative techniques have changed the previous dominant pattern of animal themes; flowers, grass and other plants. Using patterns and patterns of various birds, landscape patterns to decorate furniture, full of strong flavor of life.
In the Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties furniture (581-960 AD), the five-generation seated lifestyle was prevalent. High-end furniture began to mature and gradually formed a complete high-type furniture combination.
Furniture: beds and sofas: from Han and Tang to large sofas, sometimes screens, box-shaped kettle door structure. Chairs: chairs, docks and a chair, various chairs, chairs and some connecting armrests. At this time the drum pier began to appear. Tables, tables Cases: Slender legs, horizontal columns, which are decorated tabletops and leg plates; long cases, Tang Dynasty high table flower borders, middle plates, legs straight, plain or decorative moire, simple. Screen: The form of the screen is high, a separate screen, a large screen, and a large screen.
Decorative style: In the Five Dynasties, with the changes in the aesthetic style of the society, the furniture style changed the style of Huayan, and the round and Tang Dynasty furniture. Simple and simple, laid the foundation for the concise style of the Song Dynasty furniture.
During the period of Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 960 ~ 1368), since the establishment of agriculture, handicrafts, architecture, and technology in the 960 AD of the Song Dynasty, the rapid development of the city has continued. There are many works such as palaces, pavilions, and gardens. In the Song Dynasty (960 ~ 1279), the habit of pedaling has become more and more popular. There are tables and chairs. The stool has been formed with the lifestyle center during this period. Affected by the high-level furniture of the Song Dynasty, the two countries also showed high incidence in Liao Furniture (916 ~ 1125) and Gold (1115 ~ 1234). The Yuan Dynasty (1271 ~ 1368) and other furniture processes were influenced by the influence of the Mongolian Armed Forces, the majestic heavy body, and the gorgeous carvings. This song, the development of Yuan Dynasty furniture has laid a solid foundation for the furniture of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The basis is to talk about art from two aspects: humanities and technology.
Structure: Song Dynasty furniture from beam structure to frame structure, beams replaced the popular Sui and Tang Dynasties structure of the door, began to use the waist, horseshoe, legs, feet, grasshopper Yun Xing Lotus. These different forms of decoration in the production, while effectively using the process, so the Dwarf demands and support foot mud, horseshoe and other structural components, so that the furniture structure is more reasonable.
Artistic style: Most of the furniture components are linear, simple and neat, the shape is mostly square, and the proportion is beautiful. The decoration does not have a large area of ​​fanciful carvings, simply depicting the local decoration in the legs and styling, simple and elegant, the concept of furniture in the Song Dynasty in its concise and meaningful angles and aesthetic art styles and fit simple and elegant.
The development of Chinese furniture in the Ming and Qing dynasties (from 1368 to 1644 in the Ming and Qing dynasties to 1644 to 1644 in the Ming and Qing dynasties) experienced simple and complex beauty, combined with the evolutionary process of practicality and appreciation, and finally at the height of the Ming and Qing dynasty furniture. At the same time, the Chinese traditional furniture arts, arts and crafts show splendid scenes, dazzlingly beautiful, unprecedented prosperity of the furniture, the furniture style of Ming-Qing furniture.
The characteristics of Ming-style furniture: Due to socio-political stability, economic development, the rise of garden residences, the importation of large quantities of precious timber from Nanyang and other places, timber technology, and a great deal of participation in designing scholars, the furniture of the Ming Dynasty showed a rigorous structure. The lines are simple and smooth, exquisite workmanship, elegant elegance, and the proportion of scientific and rational. At this time, precious wood such as mahogany, rosewood, ironwood, and wood are the wings of hardwood furniture, the main material. Its style is known as the Ming Dynasty style. Ming-style furniture has been extended to the middle of the Qing-style furniture is beautiful, luxurious, rich and rich gas to replace, so the Ming-style furniture also includes Qing Dynasty furniture production in the Qing Dynasty.
Ming-style furniture structure features: Ming-style furniture can be divided into waist and waist two systems, the most significant feature of the waist structure is the recessed part between the seat and leg. This part is waist and waist. Most of the legs and feet are used. The ends of the legs do not fall directly to the ground. Instead, they end up in horseshoe or valgus. There is no concave waist structure, there is a spar or velvet gloves on the legs, the legs do not have any left or right, but the end of the landing.
After several hundred years of change, furniture in the Ming Dynasty remained very stable. In addition to the specific conditions of high-quality wood, it is mainly the accuracy and rationality of the concrete structure.
Ming-style furniture: the proportion of modest, ingenious syndromes; the strong, upright and deflated; the main line, smooth and smooth; elegant, exquisite detail. 16 other characteristics, and scholars of the famous Ming-style furniture expert Wang Shixiang discussed Ming-style furniture: simple, simple, clumsy, noble, gorgeous, round, dense, Shen Muhua, Wen Qi, Yan Xiu, bold and gentle, ethereal, refined, elegant, fresh.
Ming-style furniture, decorative features: Ming-style furniture design due to the literary participation and a large number of exquisite Wenxiu temperament. On the one hand, Ming-style furniture makes full use of the natural texture of high-quality wood, showing the artistic style of clear water to send out hibiscus, natural carving; hand-carved mosaic of appropriate decorative patterns, handsome, elegant, mellow Daofa's skills, no traces; On the other hand, the structure of the furniture components and the decoration of the two functional hardwares have also added a perfect combination of style, style, practicality and aesthetics.
Qing-style furniture refers to the furniture that appeared during the Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it stagnated in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. With the typical style of the arts and crafts in the late Qing Dynasty, another feature of the development of the Qing-style furniture is the formation of different regional characteristics. According to its origin and style, it can be divided into three systems: Su style furniture, Guangdong furniture and Beijing style furniture.
The style of Qing style furniture: The furniture of the early Qing Dynasty was in the traditional Ming style. However, from the mid-Qing Dynasty, due to Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and many other emperors, the history of the famous Kangxi and Qianlong periods appeared. The garden landscape of the royal family and nobles began to flourish, and the exquisite court furniture was never pursued. At the same time, the development of Baroque and Rococo art in the West, including its architecture and furniture, had a great influence on furniture decoration and artifacts in the Qing Dynasty. Resisting open, precious wood and decorative materials originate from the continuous production of furniture in overseas countries in China. Therefore, in the form of furniture, the ruling class showed its grandeur, luxury and wealth. They began to give up the characteristics of Ming-style furniture is simple and light. , Wenxiu, thick, careful blind pursuit, and strive to create a fierce majestic momentum, so the production of Qing style furniture.
The material characteristics of the Qing style furniture: The material of the Qing style furniture is more abundant than the Ming Dynasty, with thick, precious hardwood, and high quality cork products; wood rosewood, rosewood, chicken wings, in addition to chulryuk, ebony, Phoebe, Ming Dynasty beech , beech, beech, eucalyptus, walnut, birch, fir and other materials.
u6e05 u5f0f u5bb6 u5177 u88c5 u9970 u7279 u8272 uff1a u88c5 u9970 u6750 u6599 u4e3b u8981 u4e3a u5927 u7406 u77f3 u3001 u8c61 u7259 u3001 u87ba u94bf u3001 u73bb u7483 u3001 u3001 u739b u7459 u666f u6cf0 u84dd u3001 u7af9 u85e4 u67f3 u4e1d u7b49 u3002the decorative sculptures, mosaics, paintings, painting The combination of techniques, embodies elegant and exquisite carving styles, extensive use of decorative patterns, auspicious patterns such as Long Phoenix Cloud, Wen Chi, Fish, Mei Lanzhu kikumon, Passiflora, and landscape figures, or various The pattern of auspicious designs implies good.
Since the founding of the Republic of China in 1912 (1912 ~ 1949), the spread of Western ideas and science and technology in China has promoted the transformation of China's society and changes in life style. But in the strong influence of foreign colonial culture, living in the western part of Shanghai, the popularity of open cities and Su-style furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the gradual decline in the style of Cantonese and traditional style furniture represented by Beijing style, the monopoly of China was broken, Western furniture Also obtained a place from ancient Chinese court furniture. During this period, folk court furniture and the popularity of high-end furniture and traditional Chinese furniture have undergone fundamental changes. In the category, style, materials, structure, and crafts of furniture, these changes are reflected in the popular style of furniture. And initially formed the professional division of labor and professionalization of the group companies. With these changes, Chinese furniture began to be in line with the world, reflecting the sprout of China's modern furniture industry.
Changes in materials and processes: In the 1920s, Shanghai took the place of the Chinese plywood instead of table processes for the first time, improved product structure and increased production efficiency. It played an active role in the 1930s; soft mattresses were imported from the West. The production process; the most fashionable fashion (primers) and lacquer (lacquer.coating) nitrocellulose lacquer coating process of Western furniture lacquer in the 1940s.
Style characteristics: The furniture style of the Republic of China has undergone a new change, based on inheriting the style of Ming and Qing furniture. On the one hand, it manifests itself in the simplification of Chinese traditional furniture decoration forms, and ordinary white wood materials from high-grade mahogany materials. On the other hand, the quantity increases and absorbs Western-style furniture decoration styles, Western-made carving techniques, powerful, graceful curves; widely used furniture in colored glass mercury-plated mirror glass, using rolling shapes, vertical patterns, and cleats Granite pattern carving passionflower, appeared Queen Anne, Louis XIV leg and horseshoe type, claw foot; copper decoration Western style has been widely used in furniture, some European chandelier copper handle, fancy complex, strange Shapes; leather, sofa fabrics cover the use of Western decorative patterns; cabinet furniture structure appears at the top and bottom can be worn separately to wear hats.
During the period of the modern furniture cultural revolution (1960 AD), due to the Cultural Revolution, there was turmoil in Chinese society. Normal social and economic activities and industrial production have been damaged to varying degrees, resulting in stagnant furniture production and a serious shortage of market supply. In the late 1970s, after the Cultural Revolution’s Chinese furniture was necessary as a matter of people’s lives, the government was concerned about the normal development of the road.
From the 60th century to the 70th century, Chinese furniture was isolated from the outside world in the 20th century. Therefore, it has been exploring Chinese style with obvious traces of the times and met the basic needs of life at that time. During this period, the variety and style of civilian furniture is still Shanghai style furniture, the continuation of the wardrobe, five drawers, bed screen is the simple style of Shanghai style furniture, its biggest feature. Is the concept of set, every piece of furniture, including bed, bedside cabinets, wardrobes, chests of drawers, dressing table, vanity stools and other bedroom furniture, dining table, dining chair, sometimes including stools, a set of 9 furniture 36 legs, 36 Legs become the most popular fashion furniture.
During the material and cultural revolution, furniture decoration was relatively simple, and the traditions of decorative art sculptures and mosaics were almost extinct. The most important form of decoration was the combination of functional components such as linear, shape, foot and thin wood.
The initial stages of the development of China's modern furniture industry in the 1980s. During this period, the composition, furniture, wood, product structure, product style and production technology of the Chinese furniture industry have undergone fundamental changes.
New Chinese-style furniture: Chinese furniture is made up of people's sense of elegance, combined with natural texture, rigorous and tight sewing techniques, ingenious structural techniques, high yields, processing techniques, and precious artistic connotations and artistic features. However, not all people have accepted Chinese furniture. Some people think it is acceptable. Old and old, tedious carvings and antique colors are beautiful, but they must be easy to lack in modern life.
On the other hand, many traditional Chinese-style furniture emphasizes traditional etiquette and cannot adapt to the shape of the human body curve. With the appearance of the traditional Chinese-style furniture lines of the new Chinese-style furniture, it can satisfy the needs of the good consumers, and discard the Chinese style of the new Chinese style. It can be said that this interpretation of Chinese traditional style in the context of the current era, it is not only a bunch of Chinese elements, but the use of traditional culture and traditional elements combined together, modern people's needs and aesthetic needs to create a home style.
The development trend of furniture in the history of the world, different styles of furniture and different periods, the boundaries between its continuous development, historical changes, and the deepening of cultural exchanges between regions, design has become increasingly The more blurred, the mutual infiltration between different cultures. With the progress of the times and the development of culture, people’s thinking is undergoing rapid changes. The continuation of various new ideas and design styles will also develop towards diversification.
Traditional furniture gives people a very fine feeling. Of course, it is also very particular and unique. Friends who like traditional furniture must not miss today’s explanation. Today Xiaobian introduces the functions of Chinese traditional furniture. You can take a look at it.
Features of Ancient Chinese Ancient Furniture - Introduction
2000 In the past ten years, the traditional Chinese furniture industry has experienced the first stage of development, that is, volume expansion is the main form, and a complete industrial system has been initially established in line with the complete category and international standards. The current products can meet the needs of people's lives and the international market. In the future 5mdash; 10 years, relying on the development of the international furniture industry, Chinese traditional furniture will usher in a period of rapid development. The characteristics of ancient Chinese furniture
1, nostalgia and emotional appeal: its characteristics are mainly from the perspective of human psychology, because the more people leave the era, the curiosity and sense of mystery of that era is stronger, and even longing for that era.
2, natural and simple: we are in the decorative technology of ancient furniture, its materials are very special; in the decorative technology, the content is from the natural all things, flowers, birds, insects, landscapes rich imagination, through good morality. Weather and all Chinese ancient furniture: often in the spacious interior with lights, such as the nave at the table, screen furniture. Modern furniture, living room and bedroom space are constantly expanding, so few, like this kind of furniture screen has a space for one person. The Characteristics of Development of Ancient Chinese Furniture
When the furniture space becomes a personalized platform that can relax people's minds, the style of the furniture industry presents a variety of trends and developments. Chinese traditional furniture has entered a new era and seeks independent innovation. The main manufacturing companies also realize that only the spirit of independent innovation and independent brands can be the only industry in the industry that is even and competitive. In the next 5 to 10 years, with the support of the international furniture industry, Chinese traditional furniture will usher in the second fastest growing development. period. This period is not an exaggerated quantity but an improvement in quality. We look forward to the arrival of these changes, which will make our lives better!
This is an introduction to the characteristics of traditional Chinese furniture. Now we should also understand that the characteristics of traditional Chinese furniture are simple and natural. The use of the above materials is very important. Nowadays, many people like antique things. Chinese traditional furniture is yours. Can't miss the choice.
History of China's furniture development directory:
1, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty furniture, 2. Qin and Han Dynasty furniture, 3. Furniture of Wei, Yi, Southern and Northern Dynasties, 4. Yi, Tang, Five-generation furniture, 5. Furniture during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, 6. Ming and Qing furniture, 7. Furniture in the Republic of China, and 8. modern furniture.
Summer, Shang, Western Zhou Dynasty (Furniture around the 16th century BC ~ 249 BC) From the Paleolithic period of the indeterminate settlements to the Sunrise of the Neolithic Age, our ancestors can finally settle down, but the living conditions are extremely high. Simple, because it is low and narrow, so the traditional way of life sat on the ground for a thousand years.
When the wooden building lives from primitive burrowing, the development of furniture. Xia He and Shang, the Chinese generation on Wednesday, explained the slave society and the splendid bronze culture. The two generations of bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasty can be seen as a number. Without such a nation, the bronze, and later became the mother's image in the case of furniture, boxes, cabinets, and tables. At this stage, bronze furniture is characterized by simplicity, thickness, mystery, and dignity. Decorative patterns and patterns, such as overeating, enamel and cloud patterns, are equally powerful majesty.
The three generations of seats only seats, banquets, based on the original art, using bamboo, skilled, innovative designs, and use some silk, or use different colors of bamboo.
The types of Qin and Han Chao are based on the development of the State of the Spring and Autumn War and the development of beds. There are several cases on the sofa, such as screens, cabinets, boxes, and shelves. However, due to a few cases, sitting on the floor, and the hangers and sleeping beds and sofas are very short, and on the bed in the spring and autumn to learn the side of the case; on the bed or sofa, the expansion surface gradually expands; It is two or three sides and behind the bed on one side. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, from the western region of Central China, life was transformed into a lifestyle center in which people sat on the bed, and low-F furniture types and styles evolved with increasingly high-grade furniture.
During the Wei Jin Southern and Southern and Northern Dynasties furniture (220-581 AD) period, the warlords who competed for leadership within the ruling class also promoted the exchange of ethnic culture and arts, the integration of sects and nationalities, and also made the furniture modelling and The mutual penetration and absorption of functions.
The development of high-level furniture with ethnic minorities in the northwest has entered the Central Plains, objectively led to many ethnic groups, integrating high-level seats such as Huchuang, chairs, Fangdeng, Yuandun, etc., from the ethnic minority areas to the Central Plains furniture, and thus to high-end furniture accessories. For the coexistence of the five generations of foundation and lifestyle and pedaling, sitting on the floor to sit in the lifestyle. During this period, the appearance of various types of high-profile seats, such as chairs, stools, beds, and crashes, began to increase. Some top-level accounts also set up full-suction, removable short screens, and were decorated low in the kettle door. In addition to the rest of the beds on a few basis, there is a hidden capsule for the waist and seated music.
Decorative style: the use of green lacquer wood furniture decorative paint, dark green color to break the traditional red lacquer furniture, a unified situation of black and white, furniture decoration theme also reflects the cosmology and a strong religious color, exquisite empty sparse, lotus, honeysuckle , pattern, flame flight, related Buddhist lines and other decorative patterns.
During the period of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties (581-960), Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, with the political stability, the development of feudal society in China reached its peak period. At that time, handicrafts developed, socio-economic prosperity, and art forms such as poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, and dance were rich and varied. The maturity of building technology promoted the further development of furniture reform. As represented by the influence of Buddhist culture, the transition to sit on the floor began to be popularized by the upper classes to the level of civilians, furniture and conditions. During this period, the new panel furniture centered on tables, chairs and stools gradually replaced the central position of the bed.
Han Xizai night banquet
Ladies and Shakers Han Xizai Night Banquet We found that both chairs and chairs appeared during this period.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, furniture also had low-grade features, showing a trend from low to high. Sui Dynasty (581 ~ 618 years), small furniture, low furniture. In the Tang Dynasty (618 ~ 907), high-type furniture has emerged, and furniture manufacturing technology has entered a new historical stage, showing gorgeous, beautiful and spectacular features.
The name of the chair was first seen in the Tang Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, the use of chairs gradually increased. The name of the chair is also widely used before it is separated from the bed category.
Modeling features: Tang Dynasty furniture style full, generous, heavy, furniture legs using a large curved curve outward modeling, showing a flourishing momentum, while using exquisite carved patterns for decoration.
Decorative features: As a pursuit of gorgeous artistic effects, snails, paintings, painted furniture, paintings and sculptures, flat gold, silver, wooden paintings and other decorative techniques have changed the previous dominant pattern of animal themes; flowers, grass and other plants. Using patterns and patterns of various birds, landscape patterns to decorate furniture, full of strong flavor of life.
In the Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties furniture (581-960 AD), the five-generation seated lifestyle was prevalent. High-end furniture began to mature and gradually formed a complete high-type furniture combination.
Furniture: beds and sofas: from Han and Tang to large sofas, sometimes screens, box-shaped kettle door structure. Chairs: chairs, docks and a chair, various chairs, chairs and some connecting armrests. At this time the drum pier began to appear. Tables, tables Cases: Slender legs, horizontal columns, which are decorated tabletops and leg plates; long cases, Tang Dynasty high table flower borders, middle plates, legs straight, plain or decorative moire, simple. Screen: The form of the screen is high, a separate screen, a large screen, and a large screen.
Decorative style: In the Five Dynasties, with the changes in the aesthetic style of the society, the furniture style changed the style of Huayan, and the round and Tang Dynasty furniture. Simple and simple, laid the foundation for the concise style of the Song Dynasty furniture.
During the period of Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 960 ~ 1368), since the establishment of agriculture, handicrafts, architecture, and technology in the 960 AD of the Song Dynasty, the rapid development of the city has continued. There are many works such as palaces, pavilions, and gardens. In the Song Dynasty (960 ~ 1279), the habit of pedaling has become more and more popular. There are tables and chairs. The stool has been formed with the lifestyle center during this period. Affected by the high-level furniture of the Song Dynasty, the two countries also showed high incidence in Liao Furniture (916 ~ 1125) and Gold (1115 ~ 1234). The Yuan Dynasty (1271 ~ 1368) and other furniture processes were influenced by the influence of the Mongolian Armed Forces, the majestic heavy body, and the gorgeous carvings. This song, the development of Yuan Dynasty furniture has laid a solid foundation for the furniture of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The basis is to talk about art from two aspects: humanities and technology.
Structure: Song Dynasty furniture from beam structure to frame structure, beams replaced the popular Sui and Tang Dynasties structure of the door, began to use the waist, horseshoe, legs, feet, grasshopper Yun Xing Lotus. These different forms of decoration in the production, while effectively using the process, so the Dwarf demands and support foot mud, horseshoe and other structural components, so that the furniture structure is more reasonable.
Artistic style: Most of the furniture components are linear, simple and neat, the shape is mostly square, and the proportion is beautiful. The decoration does not have a large area of ​​fanciful carvings, simply depicting the local decoration in the legs and styling, simple and elegant, the concept of furniture in the Song Dynasty in its concise and meaningful angles and aesthetic art styles and fit simple and elegant.
The development of Chinese furniture in the Ming and Qing dynasties (from 1368 to 1644 in the Ming and Qing dynasties to 1644 to 1644 in the Ming and Qing dynasties) experienced simple and complex beauty, combined with the evolutionary process of practicality and appreciation, and finally at the height of the Ming and Qing dynasty furniture. At the same time, the Chinese traditional furniture arts, arts and crafts show splendid scenes, dazzlingly beautiful, unprecedented prosperity of the furniture, the furniture style of Ming-Qing furniture.
The characteristics of Ming-style furniture: Due to socio-political stability, economic development, the rise of garden residences, the importation of large quantities of precious timber from Nanyang and other places, timber technology, and a great deal of participation in designing scholars, the furniture of the Ming Dynasty showed a rigorous structure. The lines are simple and smooth, exquisite workmanship, elegant elegance, and the proportion of scientific and rational. At this time, precious wood such as mahogany, rosewood, ironwood, and wood are the wings of hardwood furniture, the main material. Its style is known as the Ming Dynasty style. Ming-style furniture has been extended to the middle of the Qing-style furniture is beautiful, luxurious, rich and rich gas to replace, so the Ming-style furniture also includes Qing Dynasty furniture production in the Qing Dynasty.
Ming-style furniture structure features: Ming-style furniture can be divided into waist and waist two systems, the most significant feature of the waist structure is the recessed part between the seat and leg. This part is waist and waist. Most of the legs and feet are used. The ends of the legs do not fall directly to the ground. Instead, they end up in horseshoe or valgus. There is no concave waist structure, there is a spar or velvet gloves on the legs, the legs do not have any left or right, but the end of the landing.
After several hundred years of change, furniture in the Ming Dynasty remained very stable. In addition to the specific conditions of high-quality wood, it is mainly the accuracy and rationality of the concrete structure.
Ming-style furniture: the proportion of modest, ingenious syndromes; the strong, upright and deflated; the main line, smooth and smooth; elegant, exquisite detail. 16 other characteristics, and scholars of the famous Ming-style furniture expert Wang Shixiang discussed Ming-style furniture: simple, simple, clumsy, noble, gorgeous, round, dense, Shen Muhua, Wen Qi, Yan Xiu, bold and gentle, ethereal, refined, elegant, fresh.
Ming-style furniture, decorative features: Ming-style furniture design due to the literary participation and a large number of exquisite Wenxiu temperament. On the one hand, Ming-style furniture makes full use of the natural texture of high-quality wood, showing the artistic style of clear water to send out hibiscus, natural carving; hand-carved mosaic of appropriate decorative patterns, handsome, elegant, mellow Daofa's skills, no traces; On the other hand, the structure of the furniture components and the decoration of the two functional hardwares have also added a perfect combination of style, style, practicality and aesthetics.
Qing-style furniture refers to the furniture that appeared during the Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it stagnated in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. With the typical style of the arts and crafts in the late Qing Dynasty, another feature of the development of the Qing-style furniture is the formation of different regional characteristics. According to its origin and style, it can be divided into three systems: Su style furniture, Guangdong furniture and Beijing style furniture.
The style of Qing style furniture: The furniture of the early Qing Dynasty was in the traditional Ming style. However, from the mid-Qing Dynasty, due to Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and many other emperors, the history of the famous Kangxi and Qianlong periods appeared. The garden landscape of the royal family and nobles began to flourish, and the exquisite court furniture was never pursued. At the same time, the development of Baroque and Rococo art in the West, including its architecture and furniture, had a great influence on furniture decoration and artifacts in the Qing Dynasty. Resisting open, precious wood and decorative materials originate from the continuous production of furniture in overseas countries in China. Therefore, in the form of furniture, the ruling class showed its grandeur, luxury and wealth. They began to give up the characteristics of Ming-style furniture is simple and light. , Wenxiu, thick, careful blind pursuit, and strive to create a fierce majestic momentum, so the production of Qing style furniture.
The material characteristics of the Qing style furniture: The material of the Qing style furniture is more abundant than the Ming Dynasty, with thick, precious hardwood, and high quality cork products; wood rosewood, rosewood, chicken wings, in addition to chulryuk, ebony, Phoebe, Ming Dynasty beech , beech, beech, eucalyptus, walnut, birch, fir and other materials.
u6e05 u5f0f u5bb6 u5177 u88c5 u9970 u7279 u8272 uff1a u88c5 u9970 u6750 u6599 u4e3b u8981 u4e3a u5927 u7406 u77f3 u3001 u8c61 u7259 u3001 u87ba u94bf u3001 u73bb u7483 u3001 u3001 u739b u7459 u666f u6cf0 u84dd u3001 u7af9 u85e4 u67f3 u4e1d u7b49 u3002the decorative sculptures, mosaics, paintings, painting The combination of techniques, embodies elegant and exquisite carving styles, extensive use of decorative patterns, auspicious patterns such as Long Phoenix Cloud, Wen Chi, Fish, Mei Lanzhu kikumon, Passiflora, and landscape figures, or various The pattern of auspicious designs implies good.
Since the founding of the Republic of China in 1912 (1912 ~ 1949), the spread of Western ideas and science and technology in China has promoted the transformation of China's society and changes in life style. But in the strong influence of foreign colonial culture, living in the western part of Shanghai, the popularity of open cities and Su-style furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the gradual decline in the style of Cantonese and traditional style furniture represented by Beijing style, the monopoly of China was broken, Western furniture Also obtained a place from ancient Chinese court furniture. During this period, folk court furniture and the popularity of high-end furniture and traditional Chinese furniture have undergone fundamental changes. In the category, style, materials, structure, and crafts of furniture, these changes are reflected in the popular style of furniture. And initially formed the professional division of labor and professionalization of the group companies. With these changes, Chinese furniture began to be in line with the world, reflecting the sprout of China's modern furniture industry.
Changes in materials and processes: In the 1920s, Shanghai took the place of the Chinese plywood instead of table processes for the first time, improved product structure and increased production efficiency. It played an active role in the 1930s; soft mattresses were imported from the West. The production process; the most fashionable fashion (primers) and lacquer (lacquer.coating) nitrocellulose lacquer coating process of Western furniture lacquer in the 1940s.
Style characteristics: The furniture style of the Republic of China has undergone a new change, based on inheriting the style of Ming and Qing furniture. On the one hand, it manifests itself in the simplification of Chinese traditional furniture decoration forms, and ordinary white wood materials from high-grade mahogany materials. On the other hand, the quantity increases and absorbs Western-style furniture decoration styles, Western-made carving techniques, powerful, graceful curves; widely used furniture in colored glass mercury-plated mirror glass, using rolling shapes, vertical patterns, and cleats Granite pattern carving passionflower, appeared Queen Anne, Louis XIV leg and horseshoe type, claw foot; copper decoration Western style has been widely used in furniture, some European chandelier copper handle, fancy complex, strange Shapes; leather, sofa fabrics cover the use of Western decorative patterns; cabinet furniture structure appears at the top and bottom can be worn separately to wear hats.
During the period of the modern furniture cultural revolution (1960 AD), due to the Cultural Revolution, there was turmoil in Chinese society. Normal social and economic activities and industrial production have been damaged to varying degrees, resulting in stagnant furniture production and a serious shortage of market supply. In the late 1970s, after the Cultural Revolution’s Chinese furniture was necessary as a matter of people’s lives, the government was concerned about the normal development of the road.
From the 60th century to the 70th century, Chinese furniture was isolated from the outside world in the 20th century. Therefore, it has been exploring Chinese style with obvious traces of the times and met the basic needs of life at that time. During this period, the variety and style of civilian furniture is still Shanghai style furniture, the continuation of the wardrobe, five drawers, bed screen is the simple style of Shanghai style furniture, its biggest feature. Is the concept of set, every piece of furniture, including bed, bedside cabinets, wardrobes, chests of drawers, dressing table, vanity stools and other bedroom furniture, dining table, dining chair, sometimes including stools, a set of 9 furniture 36 legs, 36 Legs become the most popular fashion furniture.
During the material and cultural revolution, furniture decoration was relatively simple, and the traditions of decorative art sculptures and mosaics were almost extinct. The most important form of decoration was the combination of functional components such as linear, shape, foot and thin wood.
The initial stages of the development of China's modern furniture industry in the 1980s. During this period, the composition, furniture, wood, product structure, product style and production technology of the Chinese furniture industry have undergone fundamental changes.
New Chinese-style furniture: Chinese furniture is made up of people's sense of elegance, combined with natural texture, rigorous and tight sewing techniques, ingenious structural techniques, high yields, processing techniques, and precious artistic connotations and artistic features. However, not all people have accepted Chinese furniture. Some people think it is acceptable. Old and old, tedious carvings and antique colors are beautiful, but they must be easy to lack in modern life.
On the other hand, many traditional Chinese-style furniture emphasizes traditional etiquette and cannot adapt to the shape of the human body curve. With the appearance of the traditional Chinese-style furniture lines of the new Chinese-style furniture, it can satisfy the needs of the good consumers, and discard the Chinese style of the new Chinese style. It can be said that this interpretation of Chinese traditional style in the context of the current era, it is not only a bunch of Chinese elements, but the use of traditional culture and traditional elements combined together, modern people's needs and aesthetic needs to create a home style.
The development trend of furniture in the history of the world, different styles of furniture and different periods, the boundaries between its continuous development, historical changes, and the deepening of cultural exchanges between regions, design has become increasingly The more blurred, the mutual infiltration between different cultures. With the progress of the times and the development of culture, people’s thinking is undergoing rapid changes. The continuation of various new ideas and design styles will also develop towards diversification.
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