The main diseases in the growth process of tomato in the greenhouse are leaf mold, gray mold, late blight, blight, etc. The prevention and control techniques of these diseases are introduced as follows:
I. Leaf mold disease
(1) Symptoms of the disease: mainly the leaves, the pale yellow chlorotic spots with no obvious initial contour, the back of the lesions are grayish white, the upper edge of the lesion is grayish white, the middle part is grayish yellow to brown velvet mold, and the severe diseased leaves are curled from bottom to top. And dead, germs can also infect stems, flowers and fruits.
(2) Incidence conditions: The tomato is easy to develop in the middle and late stages of growth, the humidity in the shed is large, and the ventilation is easy to be sick. The humidity is 20-25 °C, and the air humidity is more than 90%.
(3) Prevention and treatment methods:
1. Select resistant varieties;
2, the implementation of 2-3 years of rotation;
3. The nursery land is properly isolated from the tomato production site to prevent infection during the seedling period;
4, strengthen ventilation and drainage, reduce nighttime condensation;
5, chemical control: the initial stage of the disease with 75% chlorothalonil powder 600 times solution or 70% mancozeb WP 500 times liquid spray control, alternating medication 7 days 1 time, continuous medication 3-4 times.
Second, gray mold disease
(A) Symptoms of the disease: damage to stems, leaves and fruits, there are two kinds of fruit onset. One is to infect the stigma first and then to the tip of the fruit; the second is to infect the petals and then develop to the pedicle. The peel is grayish white at first, and gradually develops outward. When wet, the disease minister has a velvety grayish green to grayish brown mold layer. The fruit is rigid after losing water. The incidence of leaves is mostly from the tip of the leaves, the lesions are wedge-shaped, the lesions are yellow-brown, the middle part has the ring pattern, the diseased leaves are drooping and dry, and the stems are often caused by the development of petiole lesions, forming oval brown spots, when wet. Brown mold is produced on the lesions. In severe cases, the diseased part is dead, and the black flaky sclerotia is formed in the later stage.
(2) Incidence conditions: the onset temperature is 20-23 °C, the relative humidity is 90%, and the solar greenhouse is susceptible to low temperature and high humidity during the first spike. The first and second ear flowering results in more watering during the period, poor ventilation and light transmission, and high humidity in the greenhouse increased the incidence.
(3) Prevention and treatment methods:
1. Bed soil disinfection;
2, a first spike fruit flowering insulation sunny morning of the greenhouse was slowly warmed to 28 ℃ leaked after the afternoon air temperature was lowered to 18 ℃ off, then the appropriate humidity leaked before sunset, but also ventilation cloudy;
3, watering should not be too early, watering money to fight drugs a day, increase the amount of air after pouring;
4. Thoroughly clean the diseased leaves before flowering, remove the diseased fruit in time after flowering, and carry it outside the shed to bury it; Co.,
5, chemical control: the first spike fruit before flowering, with 45% chlorothalonil smoked smoke, the amount of 300-400 grams per mu, or 5% chlorothalonil dust for 1 kg, sprayed in the evening;
Third, late blight
(1) Symptoms of the disease: damage to seedlings and adult plants, the leaves produce dark brown water-invasive lesions, and then the stems expand, causing the seedlings to wilting. The incidence of adult leaves begins with the tip of the leaf and the edge of the leaf.
(2) Incidence conditions: the temperature is below 24 °C, the leaf temperature is above 10 °C, and the air humidity is above 75%.
(3) Prevention and treatment methods:
1. The diseased plants are found to remove the diseased leaves, diseased fruits or removed in time; Co.,
2, chemical control: 75% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid or 72.2% Plex 800 times liquid spray control.
Four, Fusarium,
(1) Symptoms of the disease: This is a kind of vascular bundle disease. The result is later onset, and then the roots, stems and leaves are damaged. The leaves on one side of the stem begin to turn yellow, and finally the whole plant is yellow.
(2) Incidence conditions: The number of tomato mouthwashes in the greenhouse increased, and the accumulation of pathogens in the soil was high, and the incidence was heavy. The temperature difference between day and night is small, and the temperature at night is high and the incidence is heavy. At the time of planting, the age of the seedlings is too large, and the flooding of the large water causes the incidence of the injured roots to be heavy.
(3) Prevention and treatment methods:
1. Select disease-free soil seedlings;
2. Implementing crop rotation and dumping; Co.,
3. Increase the ventilation volume and reduce the soil moisture in the later stage;
4, chemical control: at the time of planting or after planting and before the expected disease often, the green lycopene is diluted by 600 times, rooting, once every 7 days, the number of medications depends on the condition.
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